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  • Orest Babchuk v. The Hartford Fire Insurance Company, Aon National Flood Services, Kah Insurance Brokerage Inc. Commercial - Insurance document preview
  • Orest Babchuk v. The Hartford Fire Insurance Company, Aon National Flood Services, Kah Insurance Brokerage Inc. Commercial - Insurance document preview
  • Orest Babchuk v. The Hartford Fire Insurance Company, Aon National Flood Services, Kah Insurance Brokerage Inc. Commercial - Insurance document preview
  • Orest Babchuk v. The Hartford Fire Insurance Company, Aon National Flood Services, Kah Insurance Brokerage Inc. Commercial - Insurance document preview
  • Orest Babchuk v. The Hartford Fire Insurance Company, Aon National Flood Services, Kah Insurance Brokerage Inc. Commercial - Insurance document preview
  • Orest Babchuk v. The Hartford Fire Insurance Company, Aon National Flood Services, Kah Insurance Brokerage Inc. Commercial - Insurance document preview
  • Orest Babchuk v. The Hartford Fire Insurance Company, Aon National Flood Services, Kah Insurance Brokerage Inc. Commercial - Insurance document preview
  • Orest Babchuk v. The Hartford Fire Insurance Company, Aon National Flood Services, Kah Insurance Brokerage Inc. Commercial - Insurance document preview
						
                                

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FILED: RICHMOND COUNTY CLERK 09/04/2018 05:24 PM INDEX NO. 152018/2018 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 4 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 09/04/2018 SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK COUNTY OF RICHMOND ------------------------------------x : OREST BABCHUK, : : Index No. 152018/2018 Plaintiffs, : Date Filed: 8/6/18 : - against - : : THE HARTFORD FIRE INSURANCE : COMPANY, AON NATIONAL FLOOD : SERVICES, and KAH INSURANCE : BROKERAGE INC., : : Defendants. : ------------------------------------x C O U N S E L O R S: NOTICE OF FILING OF NOTICE OF REMOVAL Defendant, The Hartford Fire Insurance Company (“Hartford”), a Write-Your-Own (“WYO”) Program insurance carrier participating in the U.S. Government’s National Flood Insurance Program (“NFIP”) pursuant to the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 ("NFIA"), as amended,1 and appears herein in its "fiduciary"2 capacity as the “fiscal agent of the United States."3 Hartford files this Notice of Filing of a Notice of Removal from this Court to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York in the District of Brooklyn. Attached hereto as Exhibit A is a copy of the Notice of Removal filed in federal court. This Defendant prays that no further action will occur in this case as this Court has been divested of jurisdiction. 1 See 42 U.S.C. §§ 4001, et seq. 2 44 C.F.R. § 62.23(f). 3 42 U.S.C. § 4071(a)(1); see also Palmieri v. Allstate Ins. Co., 445 F.3d 179, 186 (2d Cir. 2006). 1 1 of 46 FILED: RICHMOND COUNTY CLERK 09/04/2018 05:24 PM INDEX NO. 152018/2018 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 4 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 09/04/2018 WHEREFORE, the Defendant prays that the Court and all parties that ha make appearance in this proceeding take note that this matter has been remove States District Court for the Eastern District of New York in the District of Broo further actions will occur in this case. Dated: New York, New York September 4, 2018 R spectfully Submitted, y e Marfe Esposito CON FARRELL CURTIN & KE Local Counsel for The Hartford Fi Company 48 Wall Street, 20th Floor New York, New York 10005 P: (212) 785-2929; F: (212) 785-7229 Email: amesnosito@coilwavfarrell.com To: Michael J.S. Pontone, Esq. The Law offices of Michael J.S. Pontone, Esq., P.C. 532 Union Street Brooklyn, NY 11215 Attorneys for Plaintiff 2 of 46 FILED: RICHMOND COUNTY CLERK 09/04/2018 05:24 PM INDEX NO. 152018/2018 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 4 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 09/04/2018 EXHIBIT 3 of 46 A FILED: RICHMOND COUNTY CLERK 09/04/2018 05:24 PM INDEX NO. 152018/2018 NYSCEF DOC. NO.Case 4 1:18-cv-04994 Document 1 Filed 09/04/18 Page 1 of 13 PageID NYSCEF: RECEIVED #: 1 09/04/2018 Anne Marie Esposito CONWAY, FARRELL, CURTIN & KELLY, P.C. 48 Wall Street, 20th Floor New York, New York 10005 P: (212) 785-2929; F: (212) 785-7229 Email: amesposito@conwayfarrell.com Local Counsel for The Hartford Fire Insurance Company UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK ------------------------------------x : OREST BABCHUK, : Case No. 1:18-cv-4994 : Plaintiff, : : - against - : NOTICE OF REMOVAL : THE HARTFORD FIRE INSURANCE : COMPANY, AON NATIONAL FLOOD : SERVICES, and KAH INSURANCE : BROKERAGE INC., : : Defendants. : ------------------------------------x PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that Defendant, The Hartford Fire Insurance Company (“Hartford”), pursuant to and arising under 42 U.S.C. § 4072; 44 C.F.R. Pt. 61, App. A(1), Article VII(R), and 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331, 1332, 1337, 1367, 1441(a), (b) & (c), 1446, and other applicable law, and through its undersigned counsel, hereby removes the state court action entitled Orest Babchuk v. The Hartford Fire Insurance Company, Aon National Flood Services, and Kah Insurance Brokerage Inc., filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of Richmond (“State Court Action”) to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York in the District of Brooklyn. As required under 28 U.S.C. § 1446(a), a short and plain statement of the grounds for removal is set forth below: 4 of 46 FILED: RICHMOND COUNTY CLERK 09/04/2018 05:24 PM INDEX NO. 152018/2018 NYSCEF DOC. NO.Case 4 1:18-cv-04994 Document 1 Filed 09/04/18 Page 2 of 13 PageID NYSCEF: RECEIVED #: 2 09/04/2018 INTRODUCTION 1. On August 6, 2018, the Plaintiff, Orest Babchuk, commenced this action, bearing Index No. 152018/2018, by filing a Summons and Complaint (NYSCEF No. 1) in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of Richmond. In accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 1446(a), copies of all pleadings, processes, and orders (there were no orders) in the State Court Action are attached collectively as Exhibit “A.” 2. Plaintiff alleges that on October 29, 2012, Superstorm Sandy caused damage to his property located at 79 Marine Way, Staten Island, NY 10306-5761 (“the Property”). See Complaint, at ¶¶ 1, 9 & 10 (Exh. “A”). Plaintiff contends that Defendants, Hartford, Kah Insurance Brokerage Inc., and Aon National Flood Services, insured the Property for damage from flood under Policy Number 87040615992017. See Complaint, at ¶ 1 (Exh. “A”). Plaintiff alleges that he reported the damage and properly submitted a claim for flood damage, but Defendants denied at least a portion of Plaintiff’s claims. See Complaint, at ¶¶ 11-12. Plaintiff alleges (1) breach of contract, (2) breach of good faith and fair dealing and (3) violations of New York General Business Law §§ 349 and 350. See Complaint, at ¶¶ 16-34. 3. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a), a civil action brought in a state court, over which the United States District Court has original jurisdiction, may be removed to that District Court embracing the place where such action is pending. Because the State Court Action was pending in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of Richmond, this Court has removal jurisdiction. 4. Moreover, all cases involving claims for benefits under the National Flood Insurance Program “are to be litigated exclusively in federal court.” Palmieri v. Allstate Ins. Co., 445 F.3d 179, 186 (2d Cir. 2006). 2 5 of 46 FILED: RICHMOND COUNTY CLERK 09/04/2018 05:24 PM INDEX NO. 152018/2018 NYSCEF DOC. NO.Case 4 1:18-cv-04994 Document 1 Filed 09/04/18 Page 3 of 13 PageID NYSCEF: RECEIVED #: 3 09/04/2018 5. This Notice of Removal is filed within 30 days after Hartford received the initial pleading and is therefore timely under 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b). According to the affidavit of service filed in the State Court Action, Hartford was served on August 15, 2018, and this Notice of Removal is filed on September 4, 2018. Exhibit “A.” 6. While itis unclear from the docket whether all Defendants have been properly served, all Defendants have consented to removal and, therefore, Hartford is compliant with 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b)(2)(A). Attached collectively as Exhibit “B” are Defendants’ (1) Notices of Consent to Removal and (2) correspondence dated August 29, 2018 confirming Defendants’ consent to removal. 7. Defendants will promptly provide written notice of removal to the Plaintiff and shall file a copy of this Notice along with Notice of Removal to Federal Court with the Clerk of the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of Richmond, where this action currently is pending pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1446(d). GROUNDS FOR REMOVAL A. Background 8. As grounds for removal, this Defendant would state that Hartford is a Write-Your- Own (“WYO”) Program insurance carrier participating in the U.S. Government’s National Flood Insurance Program (“NFIP”) pursuant to the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (“NFIA”), as amended,1 and appears herein in its “fiduciary”2 capacity as the “fiscal agent of the United States”3 1 See 42 U.S.C. §§ 4001 et seq. 2 44 C.F.R. § 62.23(f). 3 42 U.S.C. § 4071(a)(1); see also Palmieri v. Hartford Ins. Co., 445 F.3d 179, 186 (2d Cir. 2006). 3 6 of 46 FILED: RICHMOND COUNTY CLERK 09/04/2018 05:24 PM INDEX NO. 152018/2018 NYSCEF DOC. NO.Case 4 1:18-cv-04994 Document 1 Filed 09/04/18 Page 4 of 13 PageID NYSCEF: RECEIVED #: 4 09/04/2018 and at the expense of the U.S. Treasury.4 As discussed herein, Plaintiff’s lawsuit may only be addressed in this federal court regardless of the amount in controversy as Plaintiff has placed at issue matters exclusively regulated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (“FEMA”) under authority of the Congress pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §§ 4013(a), 4018(a) & (b) and 4019. 9. The subject-matter place at issue concerns Standard Flood Insurance Policy Number 87040615992017 (“Policy”) that Hartford issued in its own name, as a fiscal agent of the United States, to Plaintiff. See Complaint, at ¶ 1 (Exh. “A”). 10. Pursuant to 44 C.F.R. Section 62.23(d) and (i)(6), Hartford would be responsible for arranging the adjustment, settlement, payment and defense of all claims arising under the Policy. 11. Breach-of-contract and related actions against WYOs arise under the NFIA, federal regulations, common law, and the flood insurance Policy that Hartford procures for and issues to an insured in its capacity as a WYO carrier under the Act. The Policy covers certain losses to an insured’s property and contents located in the judicial district where the case is filed or removed to. B. Federal Government’s Rules and the WYO Program 12. The Standard Flood Insurance Policy (“SFIP”) at issue is a codified, federal regulation found in 44 C.F.R. Pt. 61, App. A(1). The NFIP is administered by FEMA and is supported by the federal treasury, which pays for claims that exceed the revenues collected by private insurers from flood insurance premiums. See Palmieri, 445 F.3d at 183 (citing Van Holt v. Liberty Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 163 F.3d 161, 165 n.2 (3d Cir. 1998)). Although private insurers issue the policies, FEMA underwrites the risk. See Palmieri, 445 F.3d at 184 (citing C.E.R. 1988, Inc. 4 42 U.S.C. §§ 4018 and 4081(a); 44 C.F.R. Pt. 62, App. A, Art. III(D)(2). 4 7 of 46 FILED: RICHMOND COUNTY CLERK 09/04/2018 05:24 PM INDEX NO. 152018/2018 NYSCEF DOC. NO.Case 4 1:18-cv-04994 Document 1 Filed 09/04/18 Page 5 of 13 PageID NYSCEF: RECEIVED #: 5 09/04/2018 v. Aetna Cas. & Sur. Co., 386 F.3d 263, 267 (3d Cir. 2004)). Given that Hartford issued an SFIP to Plaintiff, it is clear that the Summons and Complaint relates to the SFIP and to Hartford’s role as a WYO Program carrier. 13. Plaintiff has asserted a claim for flood insurance benefits based upon the SFIP issued by Hartford. Per 42 U.S.C. § 4019, Congress delegated to FEMA alone the authority to set the rules that govern NFIP claims disputes. 14. Congress underwrites all operations of the NFIP through the U.S. Treasury. This includes appropriations for both the adjustment of claims and the payment of those claims. Similarly, Congress has conferred rule-making power upon the agency created for carrying out its policy, specifically FEMA. See Federal Crop Ins. Corp. v. Merrill, 332 U.S. 380, 384 (1947). 15. Hartford, as a WYO Program carrier, is authorized to issue SFIPs on behalf of the federal government pursuant to a so-called “Arrangement” with FEMA. See 44 C.F.R. Pt. 62, App. A. 16. Hartford cannot waive, alter or amend any of the provisions of the SFIP. See 44 C.F.R. § 61.13(d) and 44 C.F.R. Pt. 61, App. A(1), Art. VII(D). 17. Hartford’s role, as a WYO Program carrier and as set forth in the Arrangement, is to market, sell and administer SFIP policies as well as handle claims under SFIPs that it is authorized to issue on behalf of the federal government. To this end, FEMA issued a bulletin clarifying its long standing position as to its program that all claims regarding the SFIP, from the initial sale forward, are governed by federal law alone. See, e.g., Grigsby v. Fidelity Nat’l Property & Cas. Ins. Co., 2011 WL 4591930, at *2 (E.D. Tex. Aug. 31, 2011) (citing FEMA Bulletin W- 09038 and supportive case law). It is clear that Hartford, in its WYO capacity, is conducting all 5 8 of 46 FILED: RICHMOND COUNTY CLERK 09/04/2018 05:24 PM INDEX NO. 152018/2018 NYSCEF DOC. NO.Case 4 1:18-cv-04994 Document 1 Filed 09/04/18 Page 6 of 13 PageID NYSCEF: RECEIVED #: 6 09/04/2018 of these actions in its fiduciary capacity as the “fiscal agent” of the United States. See 44 C.F.R. § 62.23(f) and 42 U.S.C. § 4071(a)(1), respectively. 18. The NFIP is administered by FEMA and supported by taxpayer funds, which pay for claims that exceed the premiums collected from the insured. Jacobson v. Metropolitan Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co., 672 F.3d 171, 174 (2d Cir. 2012). All flood claim payments are made out of a segregated account containing U.S. Treasury funds, as required by 44 C.F.R. Pt. 62, App. A, Arts. III(D)(1), (2) & (3); see also Palmieri, 445 F.3d at 184. The Third Circuit noted that “regardless [of] whether FEMA or a WYO company issues a flood insurance policy, the United States Treasury funds pay off the insured’s claim.” Van Holt, 163 F.3d at 165. The Eleventh Circuit analyzed what funds are at stake in the NFIP and noted that Aclaim payments come out of FEMA’s pocket regardless of how they are paid.” Newton v. Capital Assur. Co., Inc., 245 F.3d 1306, 1311 (11th Cir. 2001), rehearing en banc denied, 263 F.3d 172 (11th Cir. 2001). The payment that the Plaintiff seeks in this action would constitute a “direct charge on the public treasury,” and would be “binding” upon the federal government. 44 C.F.R. § 62.23(i)(1); Gowland v. Aetna, 143 F.3d 951, 955 (5th Cir. 1998). 19. Effective October 1, 2004, there was a revised “Arrangement” between FEMA and all WYO Program carriers. In that revised Arrangement, FEMA further clarified its regulations to make clear that disputes arising from claims handling, policy sales and administration are performed by the WYO Program carriers (a) in their fiduciary capacity to the government, (b) utilizing federal funds, and (c) governed by extensive federal regulations. See 44 C.F.R. Pt. 62, App. A, Art. I. Thus, any allegations as to the handling of the Plaintiff’s flood insurance claim invoke Hartford’s obligations under the Arrangement with FEMA. 6 9 of 46 FILED: RICHMOND COUNTY CLERK 09/04/2018 05:24 PM INDEX NO. 152018/2018 NYSCEF DOC. NO.Case 4 1:18-cv-04994 Document 1 Filed 09/04/18 Page 7 of 13 PageID NYSCEF: RECEIVED #: 7 09/04/2018 20. Moreover, FEMA stated its view that “any” such litigation states a federal question. Id. Each of these points is now clearly stated within the revised “Arrangement” and in the following two paragraphs: Whereas, FIA has promulgated regulations and guidance implementing the Act and the Write-Your-Own Program whereby participating private insurance companies act in a fiduciary capacity utilizing federal funds to sell and administer the Standard Flood Insurance Policies [“SFIP”], and has extensively regulated the participating companies’ activities when selling or administering the Standard Flood Insurance Policies; and Whereas any litigation resulting from, related to, or arising from the Company’s compliance with the written standards, procedures, and guidance issued by FEMA or FIA arises under the Act, regulations, or FIA guidance, and legal issues thereunder raise a federal question; and . . . 44 C.F.R. Pt. 62, App. A, Article I, “Findings, Purpose, and Authority.” The Summons and Complaint institutes litigation against Hartford in its capacity as a WYO Program carrier because the Plaintiff takes issue with amounts paid to him, or not paid to him, under a NFIP policy. C. Federal Jurisdiction 1. Original Exclusive Jurisdiction 21. The law of 42 U.S.C. § 4072 is clear. It conveys “original exclusive” jurisdiction over claims under the NFIP. While sitting on the U.S. Second Circuit Court of Appeals, Justice Sotomayor conducted an in-depth analysis of 42 U.S.C. § 4072 as to claims against WYO Program carriers and held “. . . we join the Third and Sixth Circuits in holding that § 4072 gives rise to jurisdiction over claims against WYO companies.” See Palmieri, 445 F.3d at 187. See also C.E.R. 1988, Inc., 386 F.3d at 267, n.4; Van Holt, 163 F.3d at 165. 22. Plaintiff must have been aware of the requirement of filing in federal court as SFIP Article VII(R) clearly states that all disputes under the policy must be filed in the United States District Court of the district in which the covered property was located at the time of the loss. 7 10 of 46 FILED: RICHMOND COUNTY CLERK 09/04/2018 05:24 PM INDEX NO. 152018/2018 NYSCEF DOC. NO.Case 4 1:18-cv-04994 Document 1 Filed 09/04/18 Page 8 of 13 PageID NYSCEF: RECEIVED #: 8 09/04/2018 Certainly Hartford is not suggesting that jurisdiction could be created by contract, but instead it is pointing out that Plaintiff was fully aware of the requirement of filing in federal court. Further, because the SFIP is a codified federal regulation, Plaintiff is charged with knowledge of this requirement. See Federal Crop Ins. Corp., 332 U.S. at 384-85. 2. Federal Question Jurisdiction 23. Hartford asserts that the SFIP is a codified federal regulation found in its entirety at 44 C.F.R. Pt. 61, App. A(1) and is governed exclusively by federal laws and the NFIA. As per the terms of the SFIP, this policy and all disputes arising from the handling of any claim under the policy are governed exclusively by the flood insurance regulations issued by FEMA, the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as amended (42 U.S.C. §§ 4001, et seq.), and federal common law. See 44 C.F.R. Pt. 61, App. A(1), Article IX. Because the flood policy must be interpreted using federal common law, federal jurisdiction exists pursuant to and arising under 28 U.S.C. § 1331. The Third Circuit has found that 28 U.S.C. § 1331 applies to claims made under the flood policy. Van Holt, 163 F.3d at 167. 24. In this matter, Plaintiff seeks flood benefits under the SFIP based on Defendants’ alleged (1) breach of contract, (2) breach of good faith and fair dealing and (3) violations of New York General Business Law §§ 349 and 350. See Complaint, at ¶¶ 16-34. 25. In order to determine what, if any, U.S. Treasury benefits Plaintiff may be entitled to receive in this lawsuit, this federal court will necessarily have to interpret the SFIP itself as well as the federal laws, regulations and statutes governing the SFIP. Federal common law governs the interpretation of the SFIP. Jacobson v. Metropolitan Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co., 672 F.3d 171, 174 (2d Cir. 2012). As the SFIP is a federal law, necessarily the interpretation of the SFIP (and the federal laws governing the operation of the NFIP) to determine the coverage provided thereunder, and any 8 11 of 46 FILED: RICHMOND COUNTY CLERK 09/04/2018 05:24 PM INDEX NO. 152018/2018 NYSCEF DOC. NO.Case 4 1:18-cv-04994 Document 1 Filed 09/04/18 Page 9 of 13 PageID NYSCEF: RECEIVED #: 9 09/04/2018 amounts due under the SFIP would require the interpretation of a federal law which presents a federal question. Thus, there is federal question jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1331, and the case is therefore also removable pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1441(c). 26. The payment that Plaintiff seeks from Hartford under the SFIP would be paid by FEMA and would be “binding” upon the federal government. 44 C.F.R. Pt. 62, App. A, Art. II(F); Van Holt, 163 F.3d at 166. 27. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331, and by operation of 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a) & (c), Hartford asserts that there are multiple federal questions presented within Plaintiff’s suit which may only be addressed by this Honorable Court. 3. U.S. Treasury Funds Are at Stake 28. Whether or not Plaintiff is owed flood benefits in this litigation, Hartford’s role as a WYO Program carrier takes place as the fiscal agent of the United States. See 42 U.S.C. § 4071(a)(1) and 44 C.F.R. Pt. 62, App. A, Art. III. NFIP claims are funded by the U.S. Treasury. See Palmieri, 445 F.3d at 183; see also Evanoff v. Standard Fire Ins. Co., 534 F.3d 516, 519-20 (6th Cir. 2008); Gallup v. Omaha Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co., 434 F.3d 341, 342 (5th Cir. 2005); Wright v. Hartford, 415 F.3d 384, 386 (5th Cir. 2005); Gowland, 143 F.3d at 955. FEMA’s regulations make clear that payments made by the WYO carriers “shall be binding upon the FIA.” 44 C.F.R. § 62.23(i)(1). FEMA’s “Arrangement” with the WYO Program companies (such as Hartford) also makes clear that federal funds are utilized to pay the claims directly, and not through a reimbursement mechanism. See 44 C.F.R. Pt. 62, App. A, Arts. II(E), III(D)(1), and IV(A); see also Flick v. Liberty Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 205 F.3d 386, n.10 (9th Cir. 2000), cert denied, 531 U.S. 927 (2000). 9 12 of 46 FILED: RICHMOND COUNTY CLERK 09/04/2018 05:24 PM INDEX NO. 152018/2018 NYSCEF DOC. Case NO. 4 1:18-cv-04994 Document 1 Filed 09/04/18 Page 10 of 13 PageID NYSCEF: RECEIVED #: 10 09/04/2018 29. Regarding the instant litigation, FEMA’s Arrangement with WYO Program carriers establishes that all of Hartford’s defense costs will be paid by the Program if litigation arises. 44 C.F.R. Pt. 62, App. A, Art. III(C)(3) and Art. III(D)(2); see also 44 C.F.R. Pt. 62.23(i)(b) and (9); Newton v. Capital Assur. Co., Inc., 245 F.3d 1306, 1312 (11th Cir. 2001). 4. Complaint Brings Into Play an Act of Congress 30. Removal of this case is also proper under 28 U.S.C. § 1337, which provides that the district court shall have original jurisdiction of any civil action or proceeding arising under any act of Congress regulating interstate commerce. 28 U.S.C. § 1337 is not subject to the well- pleaded-Petition rule. Under § 1337, removal is proper where the facts alleged in Plaintiff’s Complaint bring into play an act of Congress that regulates commerce, regardless of whether any reference to the said act appears in the Plaintiff’s pleading. Uncle Ben’s International Division of Uncle Ben’s Inc. v. Hapag-Lloyd Aktiengesellschaft, 855 F.2d 215, 216-17 (5th Cir. 1988); Crispin Co. v. Lykes Bros. Steamship Co., 134 F. Supp. 704, 706 (S.D. Tex. 1955); Commonwealth of Puerto Rico v. Sea-Land Service Inc., 349 F. Supp. 964, 973-74 (D.P.R. 1970). 31. Clearly, under 42 U.S.C. § 4001, et seq., Congress is regulating commerce by promulgating the complex and comprehensive statutory scheme that is commonly described as the National Flood Insurance Act. As recognized in C.E.R. 1988, Inc. v. Aetna Cas. and Sur. Co., 386 F.3d 263, n.3 (3d Cir. 2004): The insurance industry in the United States operates in interstate commerce. States may regulate the insurance industry only to the extent Congress permits. U.S. Const. art. I, § 8, cl. 3. The McCarren-Ferguson Act, 15 U.S.C. ' 1011, et seq., grants states this power except where Congress enacts legislation that Aspecifically relates to the business of insurance.@ 15 U.S.C. § 1012 (b). In Barnett Bank of Marion County v. Nelson, 517 U.S. 25, 116 S. Ct. 1103, 134 L.Ed.2d 237 (1996), the Supreme Court held that the exception for acts relating to the business of insurance should be construed broadly, noting that “ [t]he word ‘relates’ is highly general.” Id. at 38, 116 S. Ct. 1103. Without doubt the NFIA is congressionally enacted legislation relating to the business of insurance. 10 13 of 46 FILED: RICHMOND COUNTY CLERK 09/04/2018 05:24 PM INDEX NO. 152018/2018 NYSCEF DOC. Case NO. 4 1:18-cv-04994 Document 1 Filed 09/04/18 Page 11 of 13 PageID NYSCEF: RECEIVED #: 11 09/04/2018 32. Beyond the general proposition that the NFIA regulates commerce, it is also clear that in a more particularized sense, the Act expressly regulates both the subjects of claims and claims handling, as well as the conditions of insurability. See, e.g., 42 U.S.C. §§ 4013 & 4019. Simply put, federal laws affecting commerce are involved in the facts put at issue in the Plaintiff’s suit, and so removal is proper pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1337. 5. Supplemental Jurisdiction Over Any State Claims 33. To the extent that any of the claims of the Plaintiff are not subject to federal jurisdiction, this Court has jurisdiction over all such claims under 28 U.S.C. § 1367, which provides that “the district courts shall have supplemental jurisdiction over all other claims that are so related to claims in the action within such original jurisdiction that they form part of the same case or controversy under Article III of the United States Constitution.” 28 U.S.C. § 1367; see also Exxon Mobile Corp. v. Allapattah Services, Inc., 125 S. Ct. 2611, 2620 (2005). 34. All of the claims put at issue in the Plaintiff’s Complaint arise from their efforts to obtain additional flood insurance benefits. As such, all of the Plaintiff’s legal claims arise from the same nucleus of operative fact, that being the underlying flood loss claim, and all of the insurance issues arising therefrom. Traditionally, federal courts have exercised supplemental jurisdiction over all such claims in cases of this type. See, e.g., Winkler v. State Farm Fire, 266 F. Supp. 2d 509, 513-14 (S.D. Miss. 2003); Jamal v. Travelers Lloyds of Texas Ins. Co., 97 F. Supp. 2d 800, 805 (S.D. Tx. 2000). Handling all claims arising in this dispute in one forum will serve the interest of judicial economy and fairness. Winkler, 266 F. Supp. 2d at 514. D. Procedural Requirements for Removal Have Been Met 35. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a), a civil action brought in a state court, over which the United States District Court has original jurisdiction, may be removed to that District Court 11 14 of 46 FILED: RICHMOND COUNTY CLERK 09/04/2018 05:24 PM INDEX NO. 152018/2018 NYSCEF DOC. Case NO. 4 1:18-cv-04994 Document 1 Filed 09/04/18 Page 12 of 13 PageID NYSCEF: RECEIVED #: 12 09/04/2018 embracing the place where such action is pending. Because the State Court Action was pending in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of Richmond, this Court has removal jurisdiction. 36. Venue is proper in a designated judicial district pursuant to pursuant 28 U.S.C. § 1391, 42 U.S.C. § 4072, and 44 C.F.R. Pt. 61, App. A(1), Art. VII(R) because Richmond County is where a substantial part of the alleged events or omissions giving rise to the claim occurred. Therefore, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York in the District of Brooklyn is the proper venue. 37. This Notice of Removal is filed within thirty days after Hartford’s receipt of the initial pleading and is therefore timely under 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b). 38. While all defendants may not have been properly served to date, Hartford has obtained the consent of all defendants to remove this action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b)(2)(A). See Exhibit “B.” 39. Defendants will promptly provide written notice of removal to the Plaintiff and shall file a copy of this Notice along with Notice of Removal to Federal Court with the Clerk of the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of Richmond, where this action currently is pending pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1446(d). 40. In the event any questions arise as to the propriety of the removal of this action, the Defendant requests the opportunity to brief any disputed issues and to present oral argument in support of its position. WHEREFORE, this Defendant gives notice that the matter bearing Index number 152018/2018 in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of Richmond, is removed to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York. 12 15 of 46 FILED: RICHMOND COUNTY CLERK 09/04/2018 05:24 PM INDEX NO. 152018/2018 NYSCEF DOC. Case NO. 4 1:18-cv-04994 Document 1 Filed 09/04/18 Page 13 of 13 PageID NYSCEF: RECEIVED #: 13 09/04/2018 Dated: New York, New York September 4, 2018 Respectfully Submitted, By: ____/s/____________________________ Anne Marie Esposito CONWAY, FARRELL, CURTIN & KELLY, P.C. Local Counsel for The Hartford Fire Insurance Company 48 Wall Street, 20th Floor New York, New York 10005 P: (212) 785-2929; F: (212) 785-7229 Email: amesposito@conwayfarrell.com AND Butler Snow LLP By: /s/ Patrick T. Bergin 1300 Twenty-Fifth Avenue, Suite 204 Gulfport, Mississippi 39501 (228) 864-1170 Direct Dial: (228) 575-3040 Fax No.: (228) 868-1531 E-mail: patrick.bergin@butlersnow.com Counsel for The Hartford Fire Insurance Company Motion for Pro Hac Vice Admission to be Submitted 13 16 of 46 FILED: RICHMOND COUNTY CLERK 09/04/2018 05:24 PM INDEX NO. 152018/2018 NYSCEF DOC. NO.Case 4 1:18-Cv-04994 DoCument 1-1 Filed 09/04/18 Page 1 of 2 PagelD RECEIVED #: 14 NYSCEF: 09/04/2018 JS44 (Rev. 1/2013) CIVIL COVER SHEET The JS 44 civil cover sheetand the information contained herein neither replace nor supplementthe filing andservice of pleadings or other papersas required by law, except as provided by local rules of court, This form, approved by the Judicial Conlcrence of the United Statesin September1974, is required for the use of the Clerk of Court for the purposeof initiating the civil docket sheet (SEEINSTRUCTIONS ONNEXTPAGEOF THISFORM.) I.(a) PLAINTIFFS DEFENDANTS THE HARTFORD FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, AON NATIONAL ORESTBABCHUK,