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  • Machholz, Donald Jr vs. Cunningham LegalCivil-Roseville document preview
  • Machholz, Donald Jr vs. Cunningham LegalCivil-Roseville document preview
  • Machholz, Donald Jr vs. Cunningham LegalCivil-Roseville document preview
  • Machholz, Donald Jr vs. Cunningham LegalCivil-Roseville document preview
  • Machholz, Donald Jr vs. Cunningham LegalCivil-Roseville document preview
  • Machholz, Donald Jr vs. Cunningham LegalCivil-Roseville document preview
  • Machholz, Donald Jr vs. Cunningham LegalCivil-Roseville document preview
  • Machholz, Donald Jr vs. Cunningham LegalCivil-Roseville document preview
						
                                

Preview

08/21/2020 1 ALISON P. BUCHANAN – BAR NO. 215710 ASHLEE N. CHERRY – BAR NO. 312731 2 HOGE, FENTON, JONES & APPEL, INC. 60 South Market Street, Suite 1400 3 San Jose, California 95113-2396 Phone: 408.287.9501 4 Fax: 408.287.2583 5 Attorneys for Defendants CUNNINGHAM LEGAL; 6 PRESTON MARX, III; JAMES CUNNINGHAM; and 7 ASCENT WEALTH MANAGEMENT 8 SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA 9 COUNTY OF PLACER 10 11 DONALD MACHHOLZ, JR., Case No. SCV0043518 12 Plaintiff, DECLARATION OF ASHLEE N. CHERRY IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANT ASCENT 13 v. WEALTH MANAGEMENT’S OMNIBUS OPPOSITION TO PLAINTIFF’S MOTION 14 CUNNINGHAM LEGAL, a California TO COMPEL FURTHER RESPONSES Professional Corporation; PRESTON TO INTERROGATORIES, REQUESTS 15 MARX, III, an individual; JAMES FOR ADMISSION, REQUESTS FOR CUNNINGHAM, an individual; ASCENT PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS, AND 16 WEALTH MANAGEMENT, a California FOR MONETARY SANCTIONS corporation; and DOES 1 through 10, 17 inclusive, Date: September 3, 2020 Time: 8:30 a.m. 18 Defendants. Dept.: Law and Motion 19 Action Filed: August 6, 2019 Trial Date: January 29, 2020 20 21 I, Ashlee N. Cherry, declare as follows: 22 1. I am an attorney duly admitted to practice before this Court. I am an 23 attorney with Hoge, Fenton, Jones & Appel, Inc., attorneys of record for Defendants 24 CUNNINGHAM LEGAL, PRESTON MARX, III, JAMES CUNNINGHAM, and ASCENT 25 WEALTH MANAGEMENT. I have personal knowledge of the facts set forth herein, and if 26 called as a witness, I could and would competently testify thereto. I make this declaration 27 in support of Defendant Ascent Wealth Management’s Omnibus Opposition to Plaintiff’s 28 3989227 -1- DECLARATION OF ASHLEE N. CHERRY IN SUPPORT OF ASCENT WEALTH MANAGEMENT’S OMNIBUS OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO COMPEL FURTHER RESPONSES 1 Motion to Compel Further Responses to Interrogatories, Requests for Admission, 2 Requests for Production of Documents, and for Monetary Sanctions. 3 2. On February 26, 2020, Plaintiff served a first set of special interrogatories, 4 requests for admission, requests for production of documents, and form interrogatories 5 on each of the Defendants. 6 3. On April 20, 2020, my office timely served responses to Plaintiff’s discovery 7 requests on behalf of Defendant Ascent Wealth Management (“AWM”), pursuant to an 8 extension. 9 4. On May 26, 2020, Eliezer Cohen, Plaintiff’s counsel, sent my office a 29- 10 page global meet and confer letter regarding Defendants’ discovery responses. Mr. 11 Cohen demanded a response by June 1, 2020. A true and correct copy of this 12 correspondence is attached hereto as Exhibit 1. 13 5. On May 28, 2020, our office responded to Mr. Cohen’s correspondence to 14 inform him that we would be unable to adhere to his unilaterally-set deadline. We offered 15 to provide a substantive response by June 5, 2020, and to grant Plaintiff an extension to 16 file his motion to compel until June 15, 2020. A true and correct copy of this 17 correspondence is attached hereto as Exhibit 2. 18 6. On June 5, 2020, our office affirmatively agreed to supplement certain of 19 AWM’s discovery responses. We advised that we would serve these supplemental 20 responses by June 26, 2020, and to further extend Plaintiff’s deadline to file his motion to 21 compel until July 8, 2020. A true and correct copy of this correspondence is attached 22 hereto as Exhibit 3. 23 7. On June 16, 2020, Mr. Cohen sent our office another meet and confer letter 24 regarding the requests that we did not agree to amend. A true and correct copy of this 25 correspondence is attached hereto as Exhibit 4. 26 8. On June 26, 2020, our office served supplemental discovery responses on 27 behalf of AWM. My office also served a substantive response to Mr. Cohen’s June 16, 28 2020 correspondence. In this letter, we advised that we were unwilling to supplement 3989227 -2- DECLARATION OF ASHLEE N. CHERRY IN SUPPORT OF ASCENT WEALTH MANAGEMENT’S OMNIBUS OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO COMPEL FURTHER RESPONSES 1 any responses beyond what we had already served, and that accordingly, the parties’ 2 meet and confer efforts were satisfied. Nevertheless, we agreed to extend Plaintiff’s 3 deadline to file his motion to compel for a third time, until July 15, 2020. A true and 4 correct copy of this correspondence is attached hereto as Exhibit 5. 5 9. On July 3, 2020, Mr. Cohen sent our office another meet and confer letter 6 regarding not only AWM’s supplemental discovery responses, but also requests that we 7 had already represented multiple times that we were unwilling to supplement. With 8 regard to AWM’s supplemental responses, Mr. Cohen summarily concluded that the 9 responses were “deficient” without offering authority or argument as to why they were 10 deficient. Mr. Cohen also pointed out that the supplemental responses were mis- 11 numbered. Mr. Cohen ended his letter by requesting an additional extension to file 12 Plaintiff’s motion to compel. A true and correct copy of this correspondence is attached 13 hereto as Exhibit 6. 14 10. On July 10, my office responded to Mr. Cohen and advised that we would 15 serve responses with corrected numbering to alleviate any further confusion, and that we 16 were unwilling to further supplement AWM’s responses or grant an additional extension 17 for Plaintiff to file his motion to compel. A true and correct copy of this correspondence is 18 attached hereto as Exhibit 7. 19 11. That same day, Mr. Cohen contacted my office by email to request a 20 teleconference to discuss the discovery dispute, and again requested a fourth extension 21 to file his motion to compel. Mr. Cohen stated that if we were unwilling to grant his 22 request for an extension, he would “just file the notice of motions by next Wednesday and 23 the P&As later on.” A true and correct copy of this correspondence is attached hereto as 24 Exhibit 8. 25 12. On July 14, 2020, although we advised that we were willing to 26 telephonically meet and confer if necessary, our office reiterated that we were unwilling to 27 grant an additional extension to Plaintiff. Please refer to Exhibit 8 attached hereto. 28 3989227 -3- DECLARATION OF ASHLEE N. CHERRY IN SUPPORT OF ASCENT WEALTH MANAGEMENT’S OMNIBUS OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO COMPEL FURTHER RESPONSES 1 13. That same day, Mr. Cohen advised that he had reserved a September 3, 2 2020 hearing date, that he would not file his moving papers until August 12, 2020, 3 and – for a third time – requested an extension to file Plaintiff’s motion to compel. Please 4 refer to Exhibit 8 attached hereto. 5 14. In response, our office declined Mr. Cohen’s request for an extension and 6 made clear that we did not agree that Plaintiff could file a Notice of Motion without any 7 supporting documents. Please refer to Exhibit 8 attached hereto. 8 15. On July 15, 2020, our office re-served AWM's supplemental responses with 9 corrected numbering. There were no substantive changes to the responses. 10 16. On July 15, 2020, Plaintiff filed and served three Notices (only) of Motion to 11 Compel Defendant Ascent Wealth Management’s Further Responses to Interrogatories, 12 Request for Admission, and Request for Production of Documents, and for Monetary 13 Sanctions. 14 17. One month later, on August 12, 2020, Plaintiff filed and hand-served his 15 supporting memorandum of points and authorities, separate statement, and declaration. 16 18. I spent approximately 9.1 hours preparing this Motion and supporting 17 papers. My billable rate on this matter is $235.00 per hour. This is a deeply discounted 18 insurance rate. My standard billable rate is $350.00 per hour. This totals $2,138.50 in 19 attorney fees preparing this Motion. 20 I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of California that the 21 foregoing is true and correct. 22 Executed on this August 21, 2020, at San Jose, California. 23 24 25 Ashlee N. Cherry 26 27 28 3989227 -4- DECLARATION OF ASHLEE N. CHERRY IN SUPPORT OF ASCENT WEALTH MANAGEMENT’S OMNIBUS OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO COMPEL FURTHER RESPONSES Exhibit 1 gb GAVRILOV ATTORNEYS & BROOKS AT LAW May 26, 2020 Sent via U.S.mail and e-mail to alison.buchanan@hogefenton.com Alison Buchanan Hoge Fenton 60 South Market Street, Ste. 1400 San Jose, CA 951 13 Re: Attempt to Meet and Confer re Defendants' Discovery Responses Machholz v. Cunningham Legal, et al., Placer County Case No. SCV0043518 Dear Ms. Buchanan, My office is in receipt of Defendant Cunningham Legal's responses to Form Interrogatories- General, Set One, Special Interrogatories, Set One, Requests for Admission, Set One, and Requests for Production of Documents, Set One; Defendant James Cunningham's responses to Form Interrogatories-General, Set One, Special Interrogatories, Set One, Requests for Admission, Set One, and Requests for Production of Documents, Set One; Defendant Preston Marx's responses to Form Interrogatories-General, Set One; in addition to Defendant Ascent Wealth Management's responses to Form Interrogatories-General, Set One, Special Interrogatories, Set One, Requests for Admission, Set One, and Requests for Production of Documents, Set One. Unfortunately, some of the responses are inadequate, and certain objections are not well taken and without merit. Therefore, I am writing pursuant to California Code of Civil Procedure § 2023 .01 0(i) to meet-and-confer concerning these responses and to request that your clients further respond to the discovery as outlined below. At the outset, a number of Defendants' responses are defective and inadequate as partial, evasive, and/or non-responsive. Inclusion of boilerplate objections and responses without attempting to comply with valid discovery requests is unhelpful and such responses are improper. The submission of evasive responses to discovery requests is an abuse of the discovery process. (Code Civ. Proc. § 2023.010(f).) Further, the assertion of unmeritorious objections to discovery requests, without substantial justification, is likewise an abuse of the discovery process. (Code Civ. Proc. § 2023.010(e).) Further, all your clients' responses are improperly prefaced by general objections. The general objections encompassing all Form Interrogatories, Special Interrogatories, Requests for Admission, and Requests for Production of Documents are improper under the Code of Civil Procedure. Each objection raised must be stated separately and bear the same number as the interrogatory or request to which it is directed. (Code Civ. Proc. §§ 2030.210(a)(3), 2031.210(c), 2033.210(d).) In addition, objections must be specific and cannot be too general. (Code Civ. Proc. §§ 2030.300(a)(3), 2031.240(b), 2033.230(b); Korea Data Systems Co. Ltd. v. Super. Ct. (1997) 51 Cal.App.4th 1513, 1516 - the objecting party is 2315 Capitol Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95816 P 916-504-0529 F 916-727-6877 WWW.Gavrilnvl a\/v rnm May 26, 2020 Page 2 of 29 subject to sanctions for "boilerplate" objections.) For these reasons, the general objections encompassing all responses are boilerplate, will be disregarded and considered unenforceable, and must be removed. For ease and convenience, this letter will address the issues with each set of responses separately as set forth herein. Please provide us with amended responses, addressing the issues raised herein, via e mail and/or U.S. Mail by June 1, 2020. If you need more time, I would be happy to grant an extension if you are equally amenable to a commensurate extension for my client to file a motion to compel, should such motion become necessary. DEFENDANT CUNNINGHAM LEGAL'S DISCOVERY RESPONSES Responses to Form Interrogatories, Set One Form Interrogatory No. 4.1: At the time ofthe INCIDENT, was there in effect any policy of insurance through which you were or might be insured in any manner (for example, primary, pro-rata, or excess liability coverage or medical expense coverage) for the damages, claims or actions that have arisen out ofthe INCIDENT? Ifso, for each policy state: ...(c) the name, ADDRESS, and telephone number of each named insured. The response fails to provide all information requested by this interrogatory. Notably, the response mistakenly omits a response to subpart (c). As such, we request that Defendant amend its response so as to fully and completely respond to this interrogatory. (Code Civ. Proc. § 2030.220(a).) Form Interrogatory No. 12.1: State the name, address, and telephone number of each individual: (a) who witnessed the incident or the events occurring immediately before or after the incident; (b) who made any statement at the scene of the incident; (c) who heard any statements made about the incident by any individual at the scene; and (d) who you or anyone acting on your behalf claim has knowledge of the incident. Defendant's response is partial and vague. For instance, rather than provide a separate response for each required subpart, the response provides one general answer. Further, while Preston Marx was identified as a witness multiple times relating to underlying issues in response to Form Interrogato ry No. 17.1, he is not identified in response to any subpart in this request, making it unclear whether Defendant responded to this interrogatory by narrowing the scope of the interrogatory. Defendant must amend this response to provide a full and complete response and to identity which subpart each witness is responsive to. The responding party owes a duty to respond and use a reasonable and good faith effort to provide information as best it can. (Code Civ. Proc. §§ 2030.090(b), 2030.220(c).) Therefore, we request that Defendant amend its response so as to fully and completely respond to this interrogatory. (Code Civ. Proc. § 2030.220(a).) Ill 2315 Capitol Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95816 P 916-504-0529 F 916-727-6877 \A/\A/\A/ ftavrilnwl 3\/u mm May 26, 2020 Page 3 of 29 Form Interrogatory No. 15.1: Identify each denial of a material allegation and each special or affirmative defense in your pleadings andfor each: (a) state allfacts upon which you base the denial or special or affirmative defense; (b) state the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of all persons who have knowledge of those facts; and (c) identify all documents and other tangible things that support your denial or special or affirmative defense, and state the name, address, and telephone number of the person who has each document. The response fails to provide all information requested by this interrogatory. Notably, the response omits a response to subpart (c) in relation to identifying documents in support of each affirmative defense. The interrogatory simply requests factual information underlying defenses and denials that Defendant has asserted in this action. It is designed to elicit which affirmative defenses are currently supported, which lack support, and all facts, witnesses, and documents in support of such affirmative defenses. There is no legal basis to withhold this information in discovery. This is a proper interrogatory and was developed, crafted, and approved by the Judicial Council. (Code Civ. Proc. § 2033.710.) Defendant's response to subpart (c), in relation to the affirmative defenses, fails to identify any supporting documents via document title or Bates label. The failure to provide such information improperly inhibits the discovery process and prevents the Plaintiff from properly preparing the case for trial and future discovery. In addition, Defendant provides a partial and evasive response to subpart (a) in relation to the affirmative defense labeled "Doctrine of Judgmental Immunity." Subpart (a) requires a statement of all facts in support of the defense. Instead, Defendant's response simply states, "Responding Part [sic] didadvise [sic] Donald Machholz, Sr. of such mechanisms." This is nothing more than a conclusion and fails to provide any factual support for the contention. The responding party owes a duty to respond and use a reasonable and good faith effort to provide information as best it can. (Code Civ. Proc. §§ 2030.090(b), 2030.220(c).) Therefore, we request that Defendant amend its response so as to fully and completely respond to this interrogatory. (Code Civ. Proc. § 2030.220(a).) Form Interrogatory No. 17.1: Is your response to each request for admission served with these interrogatories an unqualified admission? If not, for each response that is not an unqualified admission: (a) state the number of the request; (b) state all facts upon which you base your response; (c) state the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of all persons who have knowledge of those facts; and (d) identify all documents and other tangible things that support your response and state the name, address, and telephone number of the person who has each document or thing. 2315 Capitol Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95816 P 916-504-0529 F 916-727-6877 www.GavrilovLaw.com May 26, 2020 Page 4 of 29 Defendant's response to this interrogatory is vague, evasive, and partial. As an initial matter, Defendant failed to provide a response in relation to the denial of Request for Admission, No. 23. Further, Defendant provides a partial and evasive response to subpart (b) in relation to multiple requests. For instance, Request for Admission No. 14 asked Defendant to admit that Cunningham Legal took no action in response to receiving the letter from Carol Hasenick. Defendant denied the request and, in the corresponding response to 17.1, vaguely stated that Defendant "reviewed that letter and appropriately determined how to proceed..." This is nothing more than a conclusion and fails to provide any factual support for the contention, such as the steps taken in response or what Cunningham Legal "determined" to do to "proceed." Similarly, Request for Admission No. 27 asked Defendant to admit that it did not advise Donald Machholz Sr. of mechanisms to mitigate a possible legal dispute regarding the validity of the trust. Defendant denied the request, but provided no factual support for the denial. For instance, Defendant doesn't state what type of mechanisms or advice was given to Donald Machholz Sr., and which steps were suggested to Donald Machholz, Sr. which were not followed. Further, Defendant fails to respond to subpart (d) and does not identify whether any documents exist in support of the denial. Request for Admission No. 28 asked Defendant to admit its failure to obtain a certificate of independent review was negligent. Defendant provides no factual support or documentary support in response to Form Interrogatory No. 17.1. Request for Admission No. 33 asked Defendant to admit Plaintiff incurred legal fees as a result of defending the validity of the revised trust. Defendant denies this, and states in response to 17.1 that the denial is because, "Plaintiff has failed to produce documents evidencing this position." That is false. Plaintiff produced these invoices and payments in February 2020 in documents Bates labeled Machholz 000369-000375. Request for Admission No. 34 asked Defendant to admit Plaintiff was required to transfer real property assets as a result of defending the validity of the revised trust. Again, Defendant denies this, and states in response to 17.1 that the denial is because, "Plaintiff has failed to produce documents evidencing this position." That is false. Plaintiff produced these documents in the initial document production several months ago. The responding party owes a duty to respond and use a reasonable and good faith effort to provide information as best it can. (Code Civ. Proc. §§ 2030.090(b), 2030.220(c).) Therefore, we request that Defendant amend its response so as to fully and completely respond to this interrogatory. (Code Civ. Proc. § 2030.220(a).) Ill III 2315 Capitol Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95816 P 916-504-0529 F 916-727-6877 www.GavrilovLaw.com May 26, 2020 Page 5 of 29 Responses to Special Interrogatories, Set One Special Interrogatory No. 4: For each and every date that YOU met in person with Donald Machholz, Sr. RELATING TO the LEGAL REPRESENTATION, IDENTIFY each and every other PERSON that was present during each such meeting. Defendant's response to this interrogatory is partial and evasive. For reference, in response to Special Interrogatory No. 3, Defendant stated it met in person with Donald Machholz, Sr. on two occasions: 01/24/17 and 02/14/17. Therefore, in response to this interrogatory, Defendant is required to separately identify persons that attended each such meeting. Instead, Defendant generally names four individuals, making it unclear whether all four of these individuals attended both meetings or whether some attended one and some attended another. Please clarify this information in an amended response. In addition, no identifying information is provided for the individuals identified, making it unclear if these are all employees of Defendant or are third parties, in which case contact information is required. Please clarify this information. Special Interrogatory No. 5: For each and every date that YOU met in person with Donald Machholz, Sr. RELATING TO the LEGAL REPRESENTATION, describe in detail any and all COMMUNICATION with Donald Machholz, Sr. Defendant's response to this interrogatory is partial and evasive. For reference, in response to Special Interrogatory No. 3, Defendant stated it met in person with Donald Machholz, Sr. on two occasions: 01/24/17 and 02/14/17. Therefore, in response to this interrogatory, Defendant is required to separately describe in detail the communications from each such meeting. Instead, Defendant generally describes a topic, making it unclear whether it was discussed at one or both meetings. Please clarify this information in an amended response. Further, Defendant's response failed to describe the communications in detail. Instead, it generally states, "Don Sr. sought to disinherit Carol and Robert," without providing further information about that discussion. Further, the response generally states, "Responding Party provided Don. Sr. with advice and recommendations regarding how to accomplish his testamentary intent," again without providing further information about that discussion. Defendant is required to detail these communications, and all communications that occurred in these meetings, including, but not limited to, Don Sr.'s stated intentions, "advice" provided to Don Sr., "recommendations" made to Don Sr., discussions about what the plan or decision was, whether they agreed to a decision at the meeting, whether alternatives were discussed, etc. The responding party owes a duty to respond and use a reasonable and good faith effort to provide information as best it can. (Code Civ. Proc. §§ 2030.090(b), 2030.220(c).) Therefore, we request that Defendant amend its response so as to fully and completely respond to this interrogatory. (Code Civ. Proc. § 2030.220(a).) 2315 Capitol Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95816 P 916-504-0529 F 916-727-6877 www.GavrilovLaw.com May 26, 2020 Page 6 of 29 Special Interrogatory Nos. 6-8: List each and every date that YOU had a COMMUNICATION with Donald Machholz, Sr. (other than in person) RELATING TO the LEGAL REPRESENTATION. For each and every such date, IDENTIFY each and every other PERSON that was present during each such COMMUNICATION, and describe in detail any and all COMMUNICATION with Donald Machholz, Sr. Defendant's responses to these interrogatories are vague and non-responsive. Defendant's responses all state, "Not applicable. Responding Party does not have record of other communications." As an initial matter, it is non-responsive to use the phrase "Not applicable." A substantive response is required. Further, the responses are vague. It is unclear whether Defendant is stating no other communications occurred, or whether Defendant has no memory of other communications. The interrogatories include all communications with Don Sr. that were not in person - including phone, letter, email, etc. An amended response needs to clarify whether any such discussions occurred. If discussions occurred and Defendant simply doesn't remember dates, Defendant must clarify and provide this information as well. The responding party owes a duty to respond and use a reasonable and good faith effort to provide information as best it can. (Code Civ. Proc. §§ 2030.090(b), 2030.220(c).) Therefore, we request that Defendant amend its responses so as to fully and completely respond to these interrogatories. (Code Civ. Proc. § 2030.220(a).) Special Interrogatory No. 12: Describe in detail each and every COMMUNICATION that YOU had with Plaintiff Donald Machholz, Jr., RELATING to Donald Machholz, Sr., including but not limited to the date and substance of any such COMMUNICATION. Defendant's response to this interrogatory is vague and evasive. As a threshold matter, Defendant fails to provide any detail for the communication with Plaintiff on July 19, 2016. Further, the response - which only identifies one date that Cunningham Legal spoke to Plaintiff - is contradicted by multiple other responses to interrogatories and Defendant's document production. Please clarify whether Defendant is stating that the only occasion that it communicated with Plaintiff was in July 2016. The responding party owes a duty to respond and use a reasonable and good faith effort to provide information as best it can. (Code Civ. Proc. §§ 2030.090(b), 2030.220(c).) Therefore, we request that Defendant amend its response so as to fully and completely respond to this interrogatory. (Code Civ. Proc. § 2030.220(a).) Special Interrogatory No. 13: Describe in detail each and every COMMUNICATION that YOU had with Plaintiff Donald Machholz, Jr., RELATING to the TRUST DISPUTE, including but not limited to the date and substance of any such COMMUNICATION. 2315 Capitol Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95816 P 916-504-0529 F 916-727-6877 www.GavrilovLaw.com May 26, 2020 Page 7 of 29 Defendant's response to this interrogatory is vague and evasive. As a threshold matter, Defendant fails to provide any detail for the communication with Plaintiff and fails to provide any approximate date for the communication(s) identified. Further, the response is vague as to the number of instances in which Defendant communicated with Plaintiff. The responding party owes a duty to respond and use a reasonable and good faith effort to provide information as best it can. (Code Civ. Proc. §§ 2030.090(b), 2030.220(c).) Therefore, we request that Defendant amend its response so as to fully and completely respond to this interrogatory. (Code Civ. Proc. § 2030.220(a).) Special Interrogatory No. 15: Describe in detail each and every COMMUNICATION that YOU had with Robert Machholz RELATING to the TRUST DISPUTE, including but not limited to the date and substance of any such COMMUNICATION. Defendant's response to this interrogatory is non-responsive and improper. Defendant's response simply states, "not applicable." However, a substantive response is required. The responding party owes a duty to respond and use a reasonable and good faith effort to provide information as best it can. (Code Civ. Proc. §§ 2030.090(b), 2030.220(c).) Therefore, we request that Defendant amend its response so as to fully and completely respond to this interrogatory. (Code Civ. Proc. § 2030.220(a).) Special Interrogatory No. 17: Describe in detail each and every COMMUNICATION that YOU had with Carol Hasenick RELATING to the TRUST DISPUTE, including but not limited to the date and substance of any such COMMUNICATION Defendant's response to this interrogatory is non-responsive and improper. Defendant's response simply states, "not applicable." However, a substantive response is required. Moreover, the response to this interrogatory (and Special Interrogatory No. 16) is contradicted by Defendant's response to Request for Admission No. 23. The responding party owes a duty to respond and use a reasonable and good faith effort to provide information as best it can. (Code Civ. Proc. §§ 2030.090(b), 2030.220(c).) Therefore, we request that Defendant amend its response so as to fully and completely respond to this interrogatory. (Code Civ. Proc. § 2030.220(a).) Special Interrogatory No. 18: Describe in detail each and every COMMUNICATION that YOU had with Emily Thompson RELATING to Donald Machholz, Sr., including but not limited to the date and substance of any such COMMUNICATION. Defendant's response to this interrogatory is non-responsive, vague, evasive, and improper. Defendant's response to the interrogatory simply states, "Not applicable. Responding Party does not discuss client 2315 Capitol Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95816 P 916-504-0529 F 916-727-6877 www.GavrilovLaw.com May 26, 2020 Page 8 of 29 matters with nonclients." It is non-responsive to include the phrase, "not applicable," as a substantive response is required. Further, the statement that Defendant does not discuss client matters with nonclients is vague, evasive, and non-responsive. If Defendant never communicated with Emily Thompson regarding Donald Machholz, Sr., Defendant must clarify and so state. The responding party owes a duty to respond and use a reasonable and good faith effort to provide information as best it can. (Code Civ. Proc. §§ 2030.090(b), 2030.220(c).) Therefore, we request that Defendant amend itsresponse so as to fully and completely respond to this interrogatory. (Code Civ. Proc. § 2030.220(a).) Special Interrogatory No. 19: Describe in detail each and every COMMUNICATION that YOU had with Michele Machholz RELATING to Donald Machholz, Sr., including but not limited to the date and substance of any such COMMUNICATION Defendant's response to this interrogatory is non-responsive, vague, evasive, and improper. Defendant's response to the interrogatory simply states, "Not applicable. Responding Party does not discuss client matters with nonclients." It is non-responsive to include the phrase, "not applicable," as a substantive response is required. Further, the statement that Defendant does not discuss client matters with nonclients isvague, evasive, and non-responsive. Ironically, Defendant has produced documentation listing Michele Machholz as its contact and as a client. Nevertheless, if Defendant never communicated with Michele Machholz regarding Donald Machholz, Sr., Defendant must clarify and so state. The responding party owes a duty to respond and use a reasonable and good faith effort to provide information as best it can. (Code Civ. Proc. §§ 2030.090(b), 2030.220(c).) Therefore, we request that Defendant amend its response so as to fully and completely respond to this interrogatory. (Code Civ. Proc. § 2030.220(a).) Special Interrogatory No. 20: Describe in detail each and every COMMUNICATION that YOU had with Michele Machholz RELATING to the TRUST DISPUTE, including but not limited to the date and substance of any such COMMUNICATION. Defendant's response to this interrogatory is non-responsive, vague, evasive, and improper. Defendant's response to the interrogatory simply states, "Not applicable. Responding Party does not discuss client matters with nonclients." It is non-responsive to include the phrase, "not applicable," as a substantive response is required. 2315 Capitol Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95816 P 916-504-0529 F 916-727-6877 www.GavrilovLaw.com May 26, 2020 Page 9 of 29 Further, the statement that Defendant does not discuss client matters with nonclients is vague, evasive, and non-responsive. Ironically, Defendant has produced documentation listing Michele Machholz as its contact and as a client. Nevertheless, if Defendant never communicated with Michele Machholz regarding the Trust Dispute, Defendant must clarify and so state. The responding party owes a duty to respond and use a reasonable and good faith effort to provide information as best it can. (Code Civ. Proc. §§ 2030.090(b), 2030.220(c).) Therefore, we request that Defendant amend its response so as to fully and completely respond to this interrogatory. (Code Civ. Proc. § 2030.220(a).) Special Interrogatory No. 22: If YOU performed any analysis of whether undue influence was being exerted on Donald Machholz Sr., prior to the execution of the REVISED