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  • ROBERT ROSS et al VS. C.C. MOORE & CO. ENGINEERS ASBESTOS document preview
  • ROBERT ROSS et al VS. C.C. MOORE & CO. ENGINEERS ASBESTOS document preview
  • ROBERT ROSS et al VS. C.C. MOORE & CO. ENGINEERS ASBESTOS document preview
  • ROBERT ROSS et al VS. C.C. MOORE & CO. ENGINEERS ASBESTOS document preview
  • ROBERT ROSS et al VS. C.C. MOORE & CO. ENGINEERS ASBESTOS document preview
  • ROBERT ROSS et al VS. C.C. MOORE & CO. ENGINEERS ASBESTOS document preview
  • ROBERT ROSS et al VS. C.C. MOORE & CO. ENGINEERS ASBESTOS document preview
  • ROBERT ROSS et al VS. C.C. MOORE & CO. ENGINEERS ASBESTOS document preview
						
                                

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HAKE LAW, A PROFESSIONAL CORPORATION oO 8B ROD Oh BR BH DY Ye Qo 8 15 16 William M. Hake, Esq. (State Bar No. 110956) Melissa D. Ippolito, Esq. (State Bar No. 239811) Kathryn L. Hoff, Esq. (State Bar No. 260420) FILED HAKE LAW, A PROFESSIONAL CORPORATION 655 Montgomery Street, Suite 1000 County of San Francii ELECTRONICALLY Superior Court of California, CO San Francisco, CA 94111 MAY 03 2013 Tel: (415) 926-5800 Clerk of the Court Fax: (415) 926-5801 BY: CAROL BALISTRERI bill@hakelaw.com Deputy Clerk melissa@hakelaw.com lucy@hakelaw.com Attorneys for Defendant ANDERSON, ROWE & BUCKLEY, INC. SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA IN AND FOR THE COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO ROBERT ROSS and JEAN ROSS, Case No.: CGC-10-275731 Plaintiffs, DECLARATION OF KATHRYN L. HOFF IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANT vs, ANDERSON, ROWE & BUCKLEY, INC.’S REPLY IN SUPPORT OF ITS C.C. MOORE & CO. ENGINEERS, et al. MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT Defendants. Hearing Date: May 9, 2013 Time: 9:30 a.m. Judge: Hon. Teri Jackson Dept.: 503 Complaint: December 17, 2010 Trial Date: June 10, 2013 I, Kathryn L. Hoff, declare as follows: 1. 1am an attorney licensed to practice law in the State of California and am an associate of the law firm Hake Law, a Professional Corporation, attomeys of record for Defendant Anderson, Rowe & Buckley, Inc. I have personal knowledge of each fact stated in the declaration and, if called upon to testify, could and would competently testify thereto. 2. A true and correct copy of Excerpts of Reporter’s Daily Transcript of Proceedings in Jeraldine Nicholson, et al. v. Asbestos Defendants, et al., Los Angeles Superior Court Case No. BC413220 (“Nicholson 402 hearing”), dated June 24, 2011 is attached hereto as Exhibit A. AfHAKE LAW, A PROFESSIONAL CORPORATION 3. A true and correct copy of Excerpts of Deposition of David Schwartz, M.D. in Jeraidine Nicholson v. Asbestos Defendants, Los Angeles Superior Court Case No. BC413220 (Nicholson transcript”), dated April 27, 2011 is attached hereto as Exhibit B. 4. A true and correct copy of Excerpts of Deposition of David Schwartz, M.D. in Edward Shortall v. Bucyrus International, Inc., et al., San Francisco Superior Court Case No. 275222 (“Shortall transcript”), dated January 30, 2013 is attached here to as Exhibit C, 5. A true and correct copy of Excerpts of Deposition of David A. Schwartz, M.D., Volume H, in Edward Shortall y. Bucyrus International, Inc., et al., San Francisco Superior Court Case No. 275222 (“Shortall II transcript”), dated F ebruary 21, 2013 is attached hereto as Exhibit D. 6. A true and correct copy of Excerpts of Deposition of David Schwartz, M.D. in Robert Ross y. Allis-Chalmers Corp., et al., San Francisco Superior Court Case No. 274099 (“Ross transcript”), dated February 7, 2012, is attached hereto as Exhibit E. 7. A true and correct copy of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, National Academy of Sciences, Committee on Asbestos, Asbestos: Selected Cancers, Washington DC: National Academies Press; 2006 (“IOM 2006 Report”), which was previously attached as Exhibit D to the Declaration of Robert W. Morgan, M.D. served with the moving papers, is attached hereto as Exhibit F. I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of California that the foregoing is true and correct. Executed on May 3, 2013 at San Francisco, California. Dated: May 3, 2013 koh oe. Hes Kathryn®L. Hoff, Esq” DECTARATION OF KATHRYN 'L. HOFF IN SUPPORT OF Di (NT ANDERSON, ROWE & BUCKLEY INC'S” REPLY IN SUPPORT OF ITS MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENTExhibit AoO SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA FOR THE COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES Department 43 Hon, Elizabeth A. White, Judge Jeraldine Nicholson, et al., Plaintiffs, vs. Case No: BC413220 Asbestos Defendants, et al., Defendants. REPORTER'S DAILY TRANSCRIPT OF PROCEEDINGS FRIDAY, JUNE 24, 2011 APPEARANCES: For the Plaintiffs: Brayton Purceli, LLP BY: JAMES P. NEVIN, ESQ JANETTE H, GLASER, ESQ. KSENIA L. SNYLYK, ESQ. 222 Rush Landing Road PO Box 6169 1940 Novato, California 94948-6169 (415) 898-1555 For Defendant: Selman Breitman, LLP Amcord: BY: RHONDA L. WOO, ESQ. BRAD D. BLEICHNER, ESQ. 33 New Montgomery Sixth Floor San Francisco, California 94105 (415) 979-0400 (Appearances continued next page.) Reported by: Louis R. Machuca, CSR No. 12274 Official Court Reporterancentnenynencrnimnennce onan snnensennscsnsnan ot r 8 NM NM RoR yb FE Oo © ow RES DIRECT EXAMINATION BY MR. NEVIN: Good morning, Dr. Schwartz. Good morning. What kind of a doctor are you? PO Ff O I'm an internist, a pulmonologist, a specialist in occupational medicine. Q What does it mean to be an internist? A it means that you have gone through medical school, then been specifically trained in adult medicine during a three-year residency training program. And then that qualifies you to sit for the boards and then I took the boards. And you pass the boards and then you're a board certified internist. Q What is pulmonary medicine? A Pulmonary medicine is a specialty beyond internal medicine, and it involves a three-year fellowship beyond the internal medicine training program where you practice pulmonary medicine, learn pulmonary medicine. You qualify to sit for the boards, you take the boards, and then you -- then you're board certified. If you pass the boards, you're a board certified pulmonologist. Q What is occupational medicine? A Occupational medicine is a separate set of boards separate from internal medicine. It is a preventative medicine board, and it requires going to the school of public health, getting a master's in —______——...|public health and, at the same time, learning specifically occupational medicine. That qualifies you to sit for the boards. And then one takes the boards and then that person is a board certified occupational medicine physician. And IE took the boards and passed the boards in that case, as well. Q For how long have you been board certified? A T received my internal medicine boards in 1984. I passed my internal medicine boards in 1984. 1 passed my occupational medicine boards in 1986 and my pulmonary medicine boards in 1988. ° Where do you currently practice? A At the University of Colorado. 9 And what do you do there? A i'm chairman of medicine at the University of Colorado, and I also direct a center for genes environment and health. Q What are your duties as chairman? A The duties are to oversee a large diffuse department of medicine that involves various aspects of medicine: Pulmonary medicine; hematology; oncology; cardiology; all sorts of specialties in medicine. There are over 600 faculty in my department that I oversee and 13 different divisions. MR. NEVIN: Your Honor, may I approach? THE COURT: You may. MR. NEVIN: Doctor, I'd like to show you what I've16 be el ay RD 0 is fluid and lymphatic cells or immune cells throughout the body. So the lymphatics are a major defense mechanism in the body that allow the lymphocytes to circulate, recirculate, get exposed to things and then come back to lymphoid centers, like the spleen and the thymus and lymph nodes, and communicate with those different organs to identify whether there are foreign agents that the body needs to try to eradicate, like a bacterial infection or a viral infection. It's a circulatory system. Q How does asbestos reach the colon? MS. WOO: Your Honor, objection. tkacks foundation. Calls for speculation, Specifically, this expert has no expertise in that regard. MR. NEVIN: It's the whole purpose of this 402 hearing. MS. WOO: Your Honor, I would like the opportunity to voir dire if he's allowed to give any opinion -- THE COURT: I'll allow voir dire. Go ahead. VOIR DIRE EXAMINATION BY MS. WOO; Oo Good morning, Dr. Schwartz. A Good morning. Q Dre. Schwartz, do you have any specialized training, education or experience in determining the cause of colon cancer?- & eemm-rsnnannsinne mR Re Pe Oo 2 22 17 MR. NEVIN: Objection. Vague. Overbroad. THE COURT: Overruled. THE WITNESS: I have experience in terms of occupational and environmental causes ef colon cancer. I don't have specific experience in terms of treating colon cancer. Q BY MS. WOO: Do you hold yourself out to be an expert in the treatment of colon cancer? A No. Q Your areas of expertise involve the lungs; is that fair to say? MR. NEVIN: Objection. Vague. Misstates evidence. THE COURT: Overruled. THE WITNESS: My areas of expertise involve the lung, the environment, occupational diseases and the interaction between environmental slash occupational exposures and host defense factors. Qo BY MS. WOO: You have some principal areas of research; is that fair to say? A That's correct. Q And those principal areas of research are what? A The principal -- the overarching theme of my research is to understand the interaction between genetic and environmental determinants of complex human diseases that are focused on pulmonary fibrosis, asthma and innate immunity. ° Have you done any research regarding the otcamoretonnesinoinstitninsctn 18 coo ——_——— colon? A No. Q In instances where you have diagnosed a patient with colon cancer, you refer the patient to a specialist; is that correct? A Yes. Q You've never been the primary care physician for a patient with colon cancer; is that fair to say? A Yes. Q And you've never published any peer-reviewed literature regarding asbestos as a cause of colon cancer; is that correct? A Yes, that's correct. Q You've never published anything on the topic of cancers and what causes cancer of the colon; is that fair to say? A That's two questions. Which one would you like me to answer? Q All right. Let me break it up for you. Have you ever published anything on the topic of what cancers are caused by exposure to asbestos? A Yes. Q And in those occasions where you've talked about or published on cancers and asbestos, did it include the colon? A No. 2 Have you ever prepared any written materials, even though they weren't published, in any peer-reviewedene Sew anne un al 19 literature summarizing your opinions whether asbestos causes colon cancer? A No. Q Have you ever conducted or participated in any epidemiological study to determine whether or not asbestos causes colon cancer? A No. Qo Have you ever performed any animal studies for the purpose of determining whether asbestos causes colon cancer? A No. QO Other than asbestos as a cause of mesothelioma in lung cancer, have you ever lectured about asbestos as a cause of any cancer? A I may have given a talk early in my career in the relationship between asbestos and B-Cell lymphomas. Q And other than mesothelioma, lung cancer, and B-Cell lymphoma, have you ever lectured about asbestos as a cause of any other cancer? A No. Q Have you ever testified at trial regarding whether asbestos -- or excuse me, regarding asbestos as a cause of colon cancer? A No. MS. WOO: Those are my questions for now, Your Honor. MR. SUN: Your Honor, may I? THE COURT: Yes. And then we'll go back to thepocorn nO o 20 question that was posed by plaintiff. MR. NEVIN: IF don't think this has anything to do with the question. THE COURT: 2 understand your position. You can sit down, by the way. MR. SUN: This is still part of the voir dire, Your Honor. THE COURT: Yes. VOIR DIRE EXAMINATION BY MR. SUN: Q Yes, Dr, Schwartz, prior to your specialization in pulmonary medicine, you received training in the general anatomy of the body, correct? A Yes. Q Yes. Beyond that general training of the anatomy, have you received any other specialized training specific to the anatomy of the GI tract? A No. 9 And have you ever participated in any animal research that specifically has to do with exposing animals to asbestos in such a way that would cause gastrointestinal abnormalities? A No. Q Okay. Have you ever reviewed such studies? A No. MR. SUN: Thank you, Your Honor. THE COURT: All right. If we could -- I'm sorry.21 MR. SUBDLESON: I have some additional voir dire, Your Honor. Should I do it from the box? THE COURT: That's fine right there. MR. SUDDLESON: Thank you. VOIR DIRE EXAMINATION BY MR. SUDDLESON: Good morning, Dr. Schwartz. Good morning. You are not an epidemiologist, correct? That's correct. oO F OD Ff OC You understand that the study of epidemiology is to relate causation to populations, correct? To study populations ~- A I don't think it is, but I think it's more to try to understand the relationship between exposures and disease and to try to understand the causes of disease. 2 With regard to cancers, the only way to determine the causation of a cancer is by epidemiology, correct? MR. NEVIN: Objection. Vague. THE WITNESS: No, I don't think so. THE COURT: He's answered. Overruled. ° BY MR. SUDDLESON: You cannot look at a specific tumor under a microscope and determine what caused it, correct? A That's correct. 2 The reason we know that lung cancer can be22 Roo ee Oo @ WEa 20 27 28 caused by cigarette smoking is because of epidemiologic studies, correct? MR. NEVIN: Objection. Misleading. Incomplete -- THE COURT: Sustained. THE WITNESS: That's one of -- THE COURT: Sustained. Sustained. You don't need to answer. THE WITNESS: I'm sorry. THE COURT: That's all right. That's all right. °Q BY MR. SUDDLESON: And you are not a epidemiologist, correct? A I thought I answered that. Q All right. And you agree that epidemiclogy is important in determining whether a substance can cause colon, correct? A It's one of the important factors, yes. 2 Okay. And you have not studied the literature relating to whether asbestos causes colon cancer, correct? MR. NEVIN: Objection. Vague. Overbroad. THE COURT: Overruled. THE WITNESS: No, I have. oO BY MR. SUDDLESON: Okay. As I understand from your prior testimony, you are aware that there are some studies by Dr. Selikoff that suggests that there's a relationship between asbestos exposure and colon cancer, correct? A I think what I -~-28 A Yes. 33 fe subsequently. Asbestos is a classic agent that causes disease many years after the initial exposure takes place. And so the patient may not be entirely aware of the exposures that they incurred that could have an affect on the development of disease. Q In determining whether or not an individual -- a colon cancer patient has an asbestos caused colon cancer, is it important to look for markers of asbestos exposure? MS. WOO: Lacks foundation. Calls for speculation. THE COURT: Sustained. Q BY MR. NEVIN: When you, either in a clinical setting or a legal setting, look at an individual to determine causation, do you consider radiology? A Yes. Q Why? A Because that will give you additional evidence of exposure to asbestos. It will not only give you additional evidence of exposure to asbestos, it will give you additional evidence of substantial exposure to asbestos. Q And when you say "substantial," you mean a lot of exposure? A I mean a lot of exposure that's enough to cause pulmonary fibrosis or plural fibrosis. Q Is a finding of asbestosis a marker of that type of exposure?27 28 34 Q Is it important to consider pathology, a pathology as available? MS. WOO: Vague and overbroad, Your Honor. Ambiguous. THE COURT: Overruled. THE WITNESS: Yes, it is. Q BY MR. NEVIN: Why is that? A Pathology can be helpful in many ways. Pathology can help define the disease more precisely than vadiographic studies. Pathology can also be usad as a way of identifying exposure to asbestos by identifying asbestos bodies. Q How about -- A And asbestos fibers. Excuse me. Qo How about tools such as a pulmonary function test? Is that important? MR. SUN: Objection. Your Honor, are we still talking about colon cancer here? MR. NEVIN: Yeah, we are. THE COURT: I'm going to allow it. Go ahead. THE WITNESS: Pulmonary function tests can be helpful as weil. Q BY MR. NEVIN: When you look at an individual who has colon cancer and determine whether or not the colon cancer was asbestos caused, what do you look for? MS. WOO: Lacks foundation. Calls -- THE COURT: Sustained. Q BY MR. NEVIN: Why do you look for anything?83 meant by that; and, two, that shows exactly why what the court has done today is incorrect under the law. It is not the court's job to weigh his terminology. And when he said the word "association," did he mean more likely than not. That is the job for the jury. It is not the job -- the judge -~ the court's role to keep out an issue in dispute that would otherwise be tried by the jury in this case. THE COURT: All right. With regard to Motion in Limine Number 19, which is to preclude testimony as to the causal association between asbestos exposure and colon cancer, the court is concerned that plaintiff has not established, A, sufficient foundation through this expert for him to testify as to any causal association er link between colon cancer and asbestos. The court is guided by Evidence Code Section 801(B), which requires that if a witness is testifying as an expert, his testimony in the form of an opinion is limited to such opinion as is -- and I'm going straight to 801(B), based on matter, including his special knowledge, skill, experience, training and education, which is perceived by or personally known or made known to him at or before the hearing, whether or not admissible, that is of a type that reasonably may be relied upon by an expert in forming an opinion. The court is concerned that Dr. Schwartz has not indicated that anything that he relies on is of a type that may reasonably be relied upon by an expert inbe pet Re FP Oo © be w oO oo“ ie is 84 senate forming the opinion that colen cancer bears a causal connection to asbestos exposure, Furthermore, as to the foundation that Dr. Schwartz premises his opinion on, he: A, has never treated a patient with colon cancer; B, has not done any epidemiological studies; C, has not done any animal studies; D, has not really, to any extent, surveyed the literature. So when he, himself, indicated that an opinion needed to be based on various different factors, including family history, colitis, polyps, dietary history, he did not even look at the underlying pathology. He merely relied on written reports, so he could not even testify that in the pathologic samples of Mrs. Nicholson's colon that, in fact, asbestos fibers were found in those pathological samples. He did not go to that level of detail. [It would be I think error on the court's part to allow the jury to hear Dr. Schwartz's testimony. There's a secondary problem, and that is raised in Motion in Limine Number 57 and that is the Kennemer motion, The court did take the time to review the deposition and cited those portions of the deposition for the record where Dr. Schwartz confirmed that the only literature he could cite to at the time of the deposition was Dr. Selikoff's report. He did not specify a decade. He did not specify a time frame forany particular Selikoff report. The court is familiar with Selikoff having heard many asbestos cases over the course of the four and a half years that I've sat in this court, and it is clear to the court that there is more than one Sellkoff£ report. I don't know if he was relying on the 1964 report or any other report. It was just a vague reference to Selikoff. In response to counsel's question at the deposition whether or not he'd undertaken to review any other literature, he couldn't cite any other literature in response to the question whether or not he'd done everything that he intended to do ta form his opinion, He answered yes that he had, and he did not intend to do anything different, in fact, going so far as to say that he would do no further work. So we have the additional problem raised in the Kennemer case which is that it is unfair to now allow Dr. Schwartz to testify to matter that he did not testify to at his deposition. Dr. Schwartz was not offered for a second deposition, nor were any additional epinions offered in any form whatsoever, separate and apart from a second deposition. So the court bases its finding of granting both motions in liming on what I've heard here today, namely, his lack of experience, lack of credentials lack of underlying foundational work to form an opinion and, B, the Kennemer motion. And on that basis, both L— Li 86 motions will be granted. Thank you. MS. WOO: Thank you, Your Honor. MR. SUN: Thank you your Honer. THE COURT: Did you want Exhibits 111 and 112 received for purposes -- MR. NEVIN: Yes. THE COURT: Any objection to the receipt of Exhibit Lil and 112? MR. SUN: No, Your Honor, MS. WOO: No, Your Honor. THE COURT: All right. (Exhibits 111 and 112 were admitted into evidence.) MS. AGOPIAN: And, Your Honor, I believe the next order of business -~ I don't know if the court was inclined to go there -~ is to set up a schedule for our =~ MR. NEVIN: For what's next. THE COURT: For what's next, yeah. We've reached ~~ we're about five minutes away from the noon hour, so we do need to talk about scheduling. I'm going to give counsel a moment to meet and confer, perhaps get together over the lunch hour and come back at 1:30 and advise me as to how you wish to proceed in Light of the court's rulings.SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA FOR THE COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES Department 48 Hon. Elizabeth A. White, Judge Jeraldine Nicholson, et al., Plaintiffs, Asbestos Defendants, et al., ) ) ) ) vs. }) Case No: BC413220 ) ) ) Defendants. ) ) I, Louis R. Machuca, official court reporter of the Superior Court of the State of California, for the County of Los Angeles, do hereby certify that the foregoing pages 1 through 88, inclusive, comprise a full, true, and correct daily transcript of the proceedings held in the above-entitled matter on June 24, 2011. Dated this 25th day of June, 2011. LOUIS RS MACHUGE CSR NO. 12274 LOUIS R. MACHUCA, CSR NO. 12274 (213) 617-1190Exhibit BDAVID SCHWARTZ, M.D. 4/27/2011 SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA FOR THE COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES JERALDINE NICHOLSON, Plaintil, VS. No, BC413220 ASBESTOS DEFENDANTS (B*P}, Defendants, 1 APPEARANCES: 2 For Plainniff: 3 BRAYTON PURCELL, LLP. 4 BY: WILLIAM MC DEVITT, ESQUIRE 222 Rush Landing Road 5 Novato, Califormia 94948-6369 (415) 898-1555 7 For Defendant CalPontand Co.: @ BERKES, CRANE, ROBINSON & SEAL, LLP BY: ROBERT RERKES, ESQUIRE 9 515 South Figueroa Street, Suite £500 ‘Los Angeles, California 90071 30 (213) 955-8155 For Defendant George M. Rayinond: TELEPHONIC DEPOSITION OF DAVID SCHWARTZ, M.D. 4 Wednesday, April 27, 2011 Reported by: JACQUELINE R. GRENACHE CSR NO. 4631 Job No, 162124 Page 1 FOLEY & MANSFIELD, 13 BY; BETH HOPWOOD, ESQUIRE 300 Lakewide Drive, Suite 1990 ‘Oakland, California 94612 (510) 390-9500 15 46 For Defendant Amcord Incorporated: 17 SELMAN BREITMAN BY: BRUCE CHUSID, ESQUIRE 38 1176 Wilshire Boulevard, Sixth Floor Los Angetes, California 90023-6338 19 (310) 445-0800 } 20 For Defendant Lear Siegler: 21 KEESAL, YOUNG & LOGAN 22 BY: ELIZABETH KENDRICK, ESQUIRE 400 Ooeangsne 23 {Long Beach, California 96801-1730 (362) 436-2000 24 25 1 SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA 2 APPEARANCES (CONTINUED): 2 FOR THE COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES For Defendant Fishback & Moore Electrical Group: 3 3 SINUNU BRUNI, LLP 4 JERALDINE NICHOLSON, 4 BY: JAMES SINUNU, ESQUIRE 333 Pine Street, Suite 400 5 Plaintiff, 8 ‘Sam Francisco, California 94104 6 vs. No. BC413220 6 «83829700 7 ASBESTOS DEFENDANTS (B*P), 7 For Defendant Highland Staaco: o 3 ARCHER NORRIS, PLC 8 Defendants. BY: JOCELYN SORIANO, ESQUIRE 9 2 2033 North Main Street, suite 800 Walnut Creek, Cabifornia 94596, 10 10 (925) 930-6600 aa ® For Defendant Hendricks Building Supply: 4.2 we BRYDON, HUGO & PARKER: a3 a3 BY: ERIN CARPENTER, ESQUIRE a 35 Main Street, 20th Floor a4 San Frincisco, California 94114 15 Telephonic deposition of DAVID SCHWARTZ, as (415) 808-0300 16 M.D. taken on behalf of Defendants, beginning at 46 For Defendant Patex USA: 1” PRINDLE, DECKER & AMARO 17 5:07 pam, and ending at 6:06 pm. on Wednesday. BY: TAMPS MURRAY, ESOUIRE 18 April 27, 2011, before Jacqueline R. Grenache, 48 219 Gollen Shore Smet, Fourth Flor Long 1. Californie 2 19 CSR. No. 4631, 1 Gap aso 20 20 For Defendant Thompson Building Materials: 21 a 22 LOW, BALL & LYNCH 22 BY: JAMES REGAN, ESQUIRE 23 505 Montgomery Street, 71h Floor 23 ‘San Francisco, Catifomia 94111-2584 (415) 981-4630 Page 3 Page 4 ‘Sarnoff. 1 877.955.3855 (Pages 1 to 4)DAVID SCHWARTZ, M.D. 4/27/2011 Q. Have you asked to do any further work that you have not had the opportunity to complete? A. No. Q. Do you consider yourself fully prepared to express the opinions that you have reached in this case? A. Yes. Q. And what were you asked to do in this case? A. Iwas asked to review the medical records and arrive at an opinion as to whether Mr, -- whether Ms. Nicholson had an asbestos form of disease, Q. And is that the only thing that you've been asked to do in this case to date? A. Yes. Q. Other than reviewing the records that you just mentioned, have you done anything else in order to form any opinions with respect to whether Ms. Nicholson has an asbestos-related disease? A. No, I have not. Q. And [ think it was inferred from a previous answer, but have you ever seen Jeraldine Nicholson? A. No, [have not. Q. Have you ever seen any of the actual tadiographic films for Ms. Nicholson? Center. Do you also currently have in your possession the records from those facilities? A. Yes, Ido. Q. Are there any other reports or records that you have -- that you have not yet identified? A. Thave billing information, Q. And from what facilities do you have billing information? A. From the Havasu Regional Medical Center. Q. Anywhere else? A. Just give me a second here. Q. Take your time. A, From Dr. O'Neil, from Dr. Carlz, from Dr. Weaver, from the Lake Havasu Imaging Center, from the Kingman Regional Medical Center, and from Sunrise Hospital and Medical Center. One more file to open. Sorry. y Q. Okay. A. Same thing. Q. Same thing as what? A. As I just mentioned. Q. Okay. And were these records e-mailed to you by Brayton Purcell? A. Yes, they were. Q. About when were they e-mailed to you? Page 13 UPWNHHOOBIHANAWHHOODRIHUAWNE AEWNROODIHAAEWNPOWRIH HV AWNHH Page 15 1 A. Within the past couple of weeks. L A. No. 2 Q. Other than the records that you just told. 2 Q. Have you ever seen any of the pathology 3 us about, have you reviewed any other materials in 3 materials that were taken from Ms. Nicholson? 4 preparation for your testimony in this case? 4 A. No. 5 A. No. 5 Q. Is it correct that you have no independent 6 Q. Have you consulted any textbooks or 6 opinions concerning the interpretation of any of the 7 ~~ literature published in the -- in medical journals 7 pathology materials? 8 with respect to your work on this case? 8 MR. MC DEVITT: I'm going to object to the | 9 A. No. 9 — question as being vague and ambiguous and Q Q. Have you spoken to Mrs. Nicholson, 0 argumentative. 1 Jeraldine Nicholson? 1 MR. BERKES: Okay. Let me just see if I can 2 A. No, [ have not. 2 cure the objection, if cure is necessary. 3 Q. Have you spoken to her husband? I believe 3 Q. Other than simply noting what other 4 it's Patrick Nicholson. 4 pathologists have concluded, do you have any 5 A. No. 5 independent opinions, that is independent of what 6 Q. Have you spoken to any of the experts that 6 — other pathologists have said, concerning the 7 have been retained by plaintiff's counsel in this 7 interpretation of the pathology materials for 8 case? 8 Ms. Nicholson? 9 A. No, [have not. 9 A. No. o Q. Have you spoken to anybody about this case Q. Do you have any opinions independent of 1 before we started your deposition today? 21 those expressed by other physicians with respect to 2 A. No. 22 the interpretation of any of the radiology 3 Q. Have you asked for any materials of any 23 materials? 4 kind that you have not yet received? ba A. No, 5 A. No. g5 Q. And as a result of your work on this case Page 14] Page 16 Sarnoff. 4 (Pages 13 to 16) 877.955.3855DAVID SCHWARTZ, M.D. 4/27/2011 QreWNFPOwCaT become an occupational medicine specialist? A. Yes. Q. Doctor, I now want to turn for a moment to your opinion regarding asbestosis and Ms. Nicholson having asbestosis. What is your opinion that she has asbestosis based on? A. My opinions are based on a couple of things: First, that she was exposed to asbestos. Second, that there was a proper latency period in her first exposure to asbestos to the onset of disease. Third, the presence of interstitial abnormalities on the CT scan -- high resolution CT scan from November 11th, 2008. TSO EY EE RE a a AeWNHKFOCHIHRAPWNHROLOIMRGeWHE Page 26 Sarnoff. 1 A. No. 1 And fourth, the presence of grade 1 2 Q. Are you aware of anything in the published | 2 asbestosis on a lung biopsy that was obtained that 3 medical literature that sets out what exposure -- | 3 was evaluated by Dr. Salyer. 4 — what level of exposure to asbestos is necessary in 14 Q. And do you have any reason to disagree with 5 order to attribute colon cancer to asbestos? 5 any of the findings of Dr. Salyer? 6 A. No, I'm not. A, No, 7 Q. The last time I deposed you on this I 7 Q. And what is grade -- cap NIOSH grade 1 8 believe you testified that one of the things that 8 asbestosis? 9 you were relying upon for your opinion that colon 9 A, It's interstitial lung disease. [ don't LO cancer is -- can be caused by exposure to asbestos 0 know the exact grading system. I'm nota fl was some Selikoff studies. Is that generally a 1__ pathologist. 2 correct statement? 2 Q. Is there a -- are you familiar with how, if 13 A. Yes. 3 atall, the grading system -- the pathological L4 Q. Other than Selikoff studies can you 4 — grading system translates clinically? 5 — identify for us any other study by name or author or 5 MR. MC DEVITT: I'm going to object that it 6 participant in the study that supports your opinion 6 assumes facts. 7 that asbestos causes colon cancer? 7 MR. BERKES: Well, and -- fair point. 8 A. Not at this time. 18 Q. If at all? 9 Q. And the Selikoff studies that you are 9 A. No, I don't. O familiar with that in your opinion support the 0 Q. Doctor, one of the things that you reviewed 1 association between asbestos and colon cancer, those ‘1 in preparation for your opinions was Dr. Bordeaux's 2 studies were performed when? In what decade? 2 of August 11, 2009, is that correct? 3 A. I thought we went over this. I don't 3 A. Yes. 4 recall. 4 Q. And do you rely on this report, at least in 5 Q. It was before 2000, correct? The year Ps part, for your opinions regarding whether Page 25 Page 27 1 20007 Ms. Nicholson has asbestosis? 2 A. Yes, it was, A. Excuse me, could you repeat that question, 3 Q. And have you received any specialized please. 4 training with respect to attributing asbestos as a Q. Yes. Do you rely on Dr. Bordeaux's August 5 cause of colon cancer? 11, 2009 report, at least in part, for your opinion 6 A. I've received training in occupational that Ms. Nicholson has asbestosis? 7 medicine, and so | think that that's relevant to A. No. 8 this issue. Q. Why not? 9 Q. And the training you received is basically A, I told you what I relied on, I don't LO the general training that one receives in order to recall the details of Dr. Bordeaux's report. Q. Okay. Let me -- if you have it there, if you could turn -- do you have it on your computer, or access to it on your computer? A. Yes, Ido. Q. If you could turn to -- I guess it would be -- let's see -- page -- the top of -- it starts on page 4 of his report and carries over to the top of page 5. His summary of pulmonary function studies, A. It will take me a little bit to get to it. Q. Sure. A. Which page? Q. It's page 4 of his report. The page number is at the top in the header. A. Okay. » Page 28 7 (Pages 25 to 28) 877.955.3885DeWNH ROO DIRNAWNE OW OIA HAW corskerEee GTAWNE SOO dH Tew HOWDY MA He WHE Se ea file gt DAVID SCHWARTZ, M.D. 4/27/2011 that was found in her lung is metastasis of her colon cancer? A. [believe it is. Q. Do you have any opinion that Ms. Nicholson has a primary lung cancer? A. No, I don't. Q. Turn to -- Dr. Salyer's materials were handwritten notes, correct? A. Yes. Q. Have you ever seen a typewritten or printed report from Dr. Salyer? A. No. Q. Turning to the page of Dr. Salyer's report that on the upper right-hand corner has the number 2 circled. A. Yes. Q. Do you see that? A. Yes. Q. If you look at the very bottom of the page he lists out a number of findings based on his review of the pathology, and the third from the bottom is focal peribronchiolar fibrosis. Is that how you say that? A. Yes. Q. What is that? A, That's pulmonary fibrosis. Fibrosis that occurs in the lung around the airways, the terminal airways. Q. And do you have any information that that is the fibrosis that Dr. Salyer found based on his review of the pathology that led him to conclude that Ms, Nicholson has cap NIOSH grade | asbestosis? A. Excuse me? Q. Yes. Do you know if his finding of the focal peribronchiolar fibrosis is the extent of the fibrosis that he is calling asbestosis cap NIOSH grade 1? MR. MC DEVITT: I'm going to object to that as calling for speculation. THE WITNESS: I don't know the answer to that. BY MR. BERKES: Q. You'll note that in the -- right below the entry for focal peribronchiolar fibrosis Dr. Salyer finds evidence on pathology of mild emphysema? A. Yes, Q. Do you have any information as to how Ms. Nicholson would have contracted mild emphysema? 2 A. No. Q. Is mild emphysema something that could be found in individuals that are exposed to secondary Page 34/ 1 2 3 4 5 ‘6 7 8 9 po “hi 2 3 4 5 6 7 & a9 0 1 2 3 a 5 smoke? A. Yes. Q. And, in your view, is Ms. Nicholson's mild emphysema contributing in any way to any functional impairment that she may have? A. No. Q. In your opinion, is Ms. Nicholson's asbestosis contributing in any way to any functional impairment? A. Idon't -- I told you previously that the asbestosis is resulting in a decrease in the DLCO, but there is no disability associated with that. Q. Ms. Nicholson is seventy -- let's see. She would be what? 78 or 9 right now? She just turned 79, right? A. Yes. Q. Based on someone of that age, given the extent of asbestosis that you believe she has, would you anticipate that it is more likely than not that Ms. Nicholson would have any effect, or any ~- let me strike that and start over. Do you have an opinion as to whether it's more likely than not that Ms. Nicholson, given her current age and the extent of any asbestosis that she has, will have any impairment, any disability, Bage 35 as a result of that asbestosis in her natural lifetime? A. I don't know. Q. Do you have an opinion as to whether Ms. Nicholson's life expectancy has been shortened in any way as a result of asbestosis? A. I don't know. Q. Do you have any opinion concerning whether Ms. Nicholson's life expectancy has been shortened in any way as a result of her colon cancer? A. I believe it has, Q. And to what extent has her colon cancer resulted in a shortened life expectancy? A. I'm not sure I understand the question. Q. How much has her life been shortened? A, I don't -- don’t know the answer to that. I'm not an expert in colon cancer. Q. Do you have any opinion concerning the treatment that Ms. Nicholson received for her colon cancer? A. No, Q. Do you have any opinions concerning the cost of her treatment? A. Ido. Q. And what are those opinions? Page 36 3° =} Sarnoff. 9 (Pages 33 to 36) 877.955.3855DAVID SCHWARTZ, M.D. 4/27/2011 GRWNHRDTOCHAHRTEWNHOLCOIRDRHERAWHE RST EOE Ee ep URWNHHFOCDIANEWNHEOKMOIMU EWN spend traveling? A. Yes, Ido. Q. And at what rate? A. $300 an hour. Q. And what do you charge for review of medical records? A. $600 an hour. Q. And have you agreed to testify in the trial of this case? A. Yes, [ have. Q. Have you been told when the trial date is? A. No. Q. if | were to tell you that it was in June of this year, do you see if there's any reason personally or professionally that you would be unable to come to trial? A. No. MR. BERKES: Doctor, that is all the questions Ihave. I will turn it over to other people. And [understand Mr. McDevitt will probably want to know who's going to pay for the second hour, so with that I will see if there's any other questions at all. Hearing none -- MR. SINUNU: Bob, just one further thing. Page 41 DARUNEOOSBIAURWNHOSCBIMHAWHH EXAMINATION BY MR. SINUNU; Q. Dr. Schwartz, do you plan to do any further work between now and the time of trial? A. Only if requested. Q. And you have not been requested, have you, sir? A. That's correct. MR. SINUNU: Okay. Thank you. FURTHER EXAMINATION BY MR. BERKES: Q. And have you already prepared -- you haven't prepared any demonstrative exhibits, Power Points, or anything like that, for this case, have you, Doctor? A. No. Q. Well, I think we're done. And so you would consider an additional $100 to be satisfactory? A. Yes. Q. Do you waive signing, or do you want -- A. I waive signing. MR. BERKES: Okay. Let's go off the record, ba then. 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 oO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 29 0 21 2 3 Page 42/ (Discussion off the record. MR. BERKES: Back on the record. I propose a stipulation that the court reporter can be relieved of any responsibility for maintaining the original transcript; that once it is prepared, the original will be sent to the office of Berkes, Crane and Seal; we will maintain custody of the original, make it available upon any reasonable notice. And if the original transcript is not available, lost or otherwise not available, an unsigned -- excuse me -- a certified copy can be used in its place. MR. MC DEVITT: That's agreeable. MR. BERKES: Thanks very much. (Deposition concluded 6:06 p.m.) Page 43 I, the undersigned, a Certified Shorthand Reporter of the State of California, do hereby certify: That the foregoing proceedings were taken before me at the time and place herein set forth; that any witnesses in the foregoing proceedings, prior to testifying, were duly sworn; that a record of the proceedings was made by me using machine shorthand which was thereafter transcribed under my direction; that the foregoing transcript is a true record of the testimony given. Further, that if the foregoing pertains to the original transcript of a deposition in a Federal case, before completion of the proceedings, review of the transcript [ ] was [ ] was not requested. I further certify that I am neither financially interested in the action nor a relative or employee of any attorney or any of the parties. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, | have this date subscribed my name. Dated: 5/6/2011 JACQUELINE R. GRENACHE, CSR. No. 4631 Page 44 ‘aSarnoff. 11 (Pages 41 to 44) 877.955.3855Exhibit CoO Oo OO NH DO TO BF WY DB mw BM NO MB DB MBM NY ew mw we ek i a ki ao FF OW N= OD O© ON OD GD AB O ND A IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA IN AND FOR THE COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO ~--000~=— EDWARD SHORTALL, Plaintiff, -Vs- NO. 275222 BUCYRUS INTERNATIONAL, INC., et al., Defendants. TELEPHONIC DEPOSITION OF DAVID SCHWARTZ, M.D. Taken before NICOLETTE SMITH, CSR, RPR CSR No. 11275 January 30, 2013 Aiken Welch Court Reporters One Kaiser Plaza, Suite 505 Oakland, California 94612 (510) 451-2580/(877) 451-1580 Fax: (S10) 451-3797 www.aikenwelch.comPecineermncsn Oo © © N OD Go kB wD @ —_ 21 wouldn't differ if I used "rectal cancer." Is that fair? A. That's correct. Q. Okay. And just in terms of what you understand Mr. Shortall was diagnosed with, was he diagnosed with a rectal cancer? A. My understanding is that he was diagnosed with a rectal cancer. Q. Okay. And you have no reason to disagree with that diagnosis, do you? A. No. Q. Have you ever published in any form, whether it's peer-reviewed publication or any other publication, anything regarding asbestos causing -- as a cause of colorectal cancers? A. No. Q. Have you ever written any letter or anything to any publication criticizing any publication that suggested that asbestos was not a cause of colorectal cancers? MS. GLASER: Assumes facts. THE WITNESS: No. BY MR. BERKES: Q. Have you ever participated in any way, either as a primary research scientist or as a consultant or any other capacity, with any epidemiological study to Aiken Welch Court Reporters D. Schwartz, MD 01/30/2013oO fC ON DO TH fF WO NY = spent neensinenasaent = | NO Re ae ee | - Oo O© Oo N OD ay Ny NR hf a & w 22 determine whether asbestos is a cause of colorectal cancers? A. No. Q@. Have you ever done a meta-analysis of any aspect of asbestos as a cause of colorectal cancer? A. No. Q. All right. Have you ever conducted a survey of the literature available on whether asbestos is or is not a cause of colorectal cancer? A, No. Q. Now, it is your opinion that Mr. Shortall's rectal cancer was caused in part by his exposure to asbestos? A. Yes. Q. What else caused Mr. Shortall's cancer -- his rectal cancer? A. I don’t know. Q. Is cigarette smoking a risk factor for rectal cancers? A. It certainly can be. Q. And Mr. Shortall had a history of cigarette smoking, correct? A. That's correct. Q. And was his cigarette smoking sufficient enough to qualify that as a risk factor for his colorectal FN TE NO ER I SNF SET ERT RN SE TE nN hp Aiken Welch Court Reporters D. Schwartz, MD 01/30/2013= oO Oo 6D NN OO GO F&F WwW DY 23 cancer? A. Yes. Q. Obesity or being overweight is a risk factor for colorectal cancer? A. Yes. Q. Do you know anything about Mr. Shortall's weight? A. No. Q. So would it be correct to say that you don't know one way or the other whether Mr. Shortall's weight is a risk factor for his colorectal cancer? A. That's correct. Q. Diet is a consideration as to a potential cause for colorectal cancers,. correct? A. Yes. Q. Do you know anything about Mr. Shortali's dietary habits? A. No. Q. So it would be correct to say that you cannot express an opinion as to whether Mr. Shortall's dietary habits contributed to his colorectal cancers -~ cancer? A. That's correct. Q. Can you identify any other risk factors for colorectal cancers, that we haven't discussed? A. No. Aiken Welch Court Reporters D. Schwartz, MD 01/30/201324 Q. And what publications from the peer-reviewed literature do you rely upon for your opinion that asbestos played any role in causing Mr. Shortall's rectal cancer? A. There's -- there are a number of articles that I would rely on related to colorectal cancer. Q. Can you cite them for us. A. There was an article published by Selikoff in 1964 in JAMA; There were opinion pieces published by International Agency for Research on Carcinogens in 1982; The Federal Register in 1983 that associated GI cancers with asbestos exposure; The EPA statement in June of 1386; The Canadian Labour force article in the Journal of Occupational Medicine in 1993; The Berry article in Occupational -- Occupational Environmental Medicine in 2000; The Goldberg article in the American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 2001; The Wingren, W-i-n-g-r-e-n, article in the International Archives of Occupational Environmental Health in 2004; The Align study, A-l-i-g-n, CARET study that was published in the American Journal of Epidemiology in Aiken Welch Court Reporters D. Schwartz, MD 01/30/2013oOo 0 ON ODO HO RB wD HD ow NR MEN NN NY we we Bw ew ow BO Ok oO FLW NHN = FD GO w®AN DARD DP I 25 2005; The Ehrlich paper that was published in the American Journal of Industrial Medicine in 1991; And the Frumkin, F-r-u-m-k-i-n, paper that was published in the American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1988. Q. Do you have a listing of those reliance articles? A. Yes, I do. Q. Is it handwritten or typewritten? A. It's handwritten. Q. I'm sorry? A. [t's handwritten. MR. BERKES: Okay. I'd ask that you make that handwritten list available, and we'll mark that as Exhibit 4 to the deposition. (Defendants' Exhibit 4 was marked for identification.) BY MR. BERKES: Q. Can you think of any other publications that you rely upon, that are not on the list that we've marked as Exhibit 4? A. No. Q. Have you read articles or publications that conclude that asbestos is either not a cause of Aiken Welch Court Reporters D. Schwartz, MD 01/30/2013¢ ete sma come eanAPE 26 colorectal cancers or the evidence is insufficient to establish asbestos as a cause of colorectal cancers? A. Could you repeat the question? Q. Sure. Why don't we have the court reporter read it back. (The record was read by the court reporter.} THE WITNESS: I have reviewed articles. I don't know of those -- I don't have those listed. BY MR. BERKES: Q. Are you able to cite any of those articles to us today? A. No. @. And what is it about those articles that you disagree with, other than the conclusion? bet me formulate that question a little differently. Can you tell us what it is about the articles that either conclude that asbestos is not a cause of colorectal cancer or that the evidence is insufficient to establish a causal relationship? What about those articles do you find less compelling than the articles that you just cited to us that are on Exhibit 4? A. Well, I dontt believe that they represent the consensus opinion. So the consensus opinion as held by the International Archives -~ I'm sorry -- the Aiken Welch Court Reporters D. Schwartz, MD 01/30/201327 | 1 International Agency on Research Carcinogens, the OSHA 2 guidelines, the EPA conclusions, the conclusions by the 3 National Toxicology Program all support a relationship : 4 between asbestos exposure and colon cancer. / 5 Q. The TARC opinion plece that you cited was 1982? | 6 A. Yes. : 7 Q. Have you read more recent monographs from IARC | 8 on the issue of cancer causation and asbestos? 9 A. No, 10 Q. And is the IARC opinion piece -- is that one of 41 their monographs? 12 A. Yes. 13 Q. Bo you know what number it is? 14 A. No, I don't. : 15 Q. Are any of the studies that you listed on i 16 Exhibit 4 epidemiological studies? 417 A. Yes, 18 Q. Which ones are epi studies? | 19 A. All of the studies that I listed are | 20 epidemiological studies. | 21 Q. Well, the IARC is Just an opinion plece, i 22 correct, sir? i 23 A. No. Ail of then except for IARC, the Federal | 24 Register, and the EPA are epidemiological studies. 35 | Q. Okay. Are you able to express an opinion today 5 Aiken Welch Court Reporters D. Schwartz, MD 01/30/201347 REPORTER'S CERTIFICATE I, NICOLETTR SMITH, a Court Reporter, State of California, do hereby certify: That DAVID SCHWARTZ, M.D., in the foregoing deposition named, was telephonically present and by me, pursuant to stipulation, sworn as a witness in the above-entitled action at the time and place therein specified. That said deposition was taken before me at said time and place, and was taken down in shorthand by me, a Certified Shorthand Reporter of the State of California, and was thereafter transcribed into typewriting, and that the foregoing transcript constitutes a full, true and correct report of said deposition and of the proceedings which took place. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, f have hereunder subscribed my hand this 5th day of February 2013. — Verte SD rnbir- NICOLETTE SMITH, CSR NO. 11275 State of California Aiken Weich Court Reporters D. Schwartz, MD 01/30/2013Exhibit DoO Oo ON ODO mM BP &H BP MH N MB NY N NM MRD wm aa a a a FF YW NN = OC © @ NY aA aE OA A IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA IN AND FOR THE COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO —-000-- EDWARD SHORTALL, vs. Plaintiff, No. 275222 BUCYRUS INTERNATIONAL, INC., et al., Defendants. TELEPHONIC DEPOSITION OF DAVID A. SCHWARTZ, M.D. (Volume II, Pages 48 to 86) Taken before JANICE L. BELCHER CSR No. 12342 February 21, 2013 Aiken Welch Court Reporters One Kaiser Plaza, Suite 505 Oakland, California 94612 (510) 451-1580/(877) 451-1580 Fax: {510} 451-3797 www.aikenwelch.com_gereenpenn theoreti oclUmDlUlUDOUMNLUCUC OOO DN aS Sie ok wo NES = hb = a Nm N NH = = |= Se yu |= CF OO ODO NN G@ 23 Q. Okay. All right. Have you authored any peer reviewed paper on the causal relationship between asbestos exposure and colorectal cancer? A. No, Q. Have you authored any peer reviewed paper on, just, in general, the disease colon cancer or rectal cancer? A. No. @. Have you authored any peer reviewed paper on any malignancies within the gastrointestinal tract? A. No. Q. Have you written any textbooks or book chapters on the causal relationship between asbestos exposure and colorectal cancer? A. No. Q. Excuse me. And your CV also contained a section which, I think, lists your research grants. TI think it's in the first 10 pages or so. Again, the vast majority of those research has to do with pulmonary diseases? A. Yes. Q@. And there were also some studies on genetics -- or genomics and immunology, correct? A. Correct. Q. Did you receive any research grant for the 58 Aiken Welch Court Reporters D. Schwartz, M.D., Vol il 2-21-13ancunsornomucie : i i study of or investigation of whether asbestos causes colorectal cancer? A. No. Q. And your CV also has a section that lists the editorials, reviews, and the consensus statements that you were involved with. Any of those related to the investigation of whether asbestos caused -- causes colorectal cancer? A. No. Q. Excuse me. Is it fair to say that your expertise on the causal relationship between asbestos exposure and colorectal cancer is based on your review of literature on the subject? A. Yes. Q. I believe last time when counsel were asking you question, different counsel were asking you question, you had a handwritten list of literature that you relie