Preview
INDEX NO. 155943/2023
NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 12/20/2023
ADMINISTRATIVE RECORD
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Vol. 12 (R. 9072-9363): Information Obtained From Agencies
City Agency Meeting Notes 9072-9080
New York City Government Poverty Measure 2019 9081-9150
Micromobility in NYC 9151-9169
NYC DOT Letter to Grubhub 9170-9171
Office of the Comptroller Construction Worker Prevailing Wage Schedule 9172-9261
New York DOL, Minimum Wage Order Miscellaneous Industries and Occupations 9262-9292
New York DOL, Hospitality Industry Wage Order 9293-9322
New York DOL, Minimum Wage for Fast Food Workers FAQs 9323-9330
New York DMV, Register a Moped 9331-9335
New York DMV, Driver License Renewal Fees 9336-9339
New York DMV, Passenger Vehicle Registration Fees, Use Taxes, Fees 9340-9351
OSHA, Work-Related Injuries and IIInesses 9352-9363
INDEX NO. 155943/2023
NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 12/20/2023
2021.10.27 - DOT
Wednesday, October 27, 2021 1:54 PM
Present from OLPS: Sam Krinsky, Elizabeth Major
Present from DOT: Will Carry, Julia Kite-Laidlaw
OLPS Agenda Items:
Bridges
° List by name and area
° GIS specs
° Classes
° Permissible uses
° Other characteristics
Tunnels
List by name and area
GIS files
Classes
° Permissible uses
° Other characteristics
Vehicle classification
Insurance requirements
. License requirements
Will: Exec director of policy at DOT, a lot of vision zero. Proliferation of scooters. Commenting on the
bills.
Julia: works on will's team. Especially vision zero. Keeping trends on fatality and injuries.
Will: DOT has inventory of 780 bridges and tunnels. Can connect us with someone in the GIS team, who
can provide the GIS layer. Includes streets that are on structure. MTA bridge and tunnel unit has control
over the tolled crossings. Those mostly do not allow for bicycles and e-bikes.
Julia: Mopeds are not registered and do not have VINs. DOT wants to make users more aware of what is
illegal (speed limits, registration requirements, etc.). See Electric Bicycles & More form DOT vision zero.
Some sales are illegal. Some operations are illegal.
Will: Impression is that most workers are using devices that are not street-legal — migration from now-
legal e-bikes to motorized scooters (I.e., a moped without license plate or VIN), these are illegal to sell
and ride.
Julia: Can share the sign they'll be giving to the retailers. Workers are being duped — thinking they're
getting legal e-bikes but they're really illegal motorized scooters.
Will: DOT wants to make apps responsible. Clarify in new law, and position is they're out of compliance
even under current law.
R.9072
INDEX NO. 155943/2023
NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 12/20/2023
Will: E-bike or bike, no insurance; if you have a legal moped (a revel), riders must have a driver's license
and the vehicles must be insured. Standing scooter, no insurance. For A-C mopeds, NYS DMV has the
summary table of the insurance requirements. Vast majority of vehicles are uninsurable because they're
illegal. The illegal mopeds are $1-2k, but the legal ones can be more expensive.
Major: Existing insurance products may only be for personal not commercial use.
Will: If we started enforcing, workers would switch to the e-bikes because it would be prohibitively
expensive.
Will/Julia: The illegal mopeds are unregistered versions of the legal mopeds — not a different type of
vehicle.
Julia: NYPD will note in their collision reports if a fatality involved a delivery worker if it's obvious (likely
undercount). DOT has these stats (e.g., 2 delivery worker e-bike fatalities, vs. 9 total e-bike fatalities in a
year, where an unknown subset of the 7 may be been delivery workers).
Will: Elizabeth can have an information share with the GIS team. DOT hires an outside company to help
them with their micromobility data. There is a mobility data standard. Could be used as a model.
R.9073,
INDEX NO. 155943/2023
NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF 12/20/2023
2022.05.03 - SBS
Tuesday, May 03,2022 12:55 PM
Characteristics of SBS contact list
. 23,000 contacts in total
. Sourced from Department of Health
. Email addresses are those which restaurants used to apply for licenses
© May not be active
© We don't know who/if anyone within a restaurant monitors the listed email addresses
. No clear estimate number given, lowest number mentioned was 5,000
SBS Comms team can contact everyone on the list, Food & Bev team better suited for targeted
outreach
© We prefer to contact the full list
Advice: fewer words, many languages (they typically use 11 langugages, should have Spanish and
Mandarin at the minimum), minimize the lift for the SBS Comms team (draft full email
Useful knowledge
. Most restaurants are at the fee cap, many were at 25-35% before the cap
. Restaurants don't want to employ delivery people
. The fees are worth it to restaurants even pre-cap, because it expands customer base and
increases cash flow
© Profitability can only really increase if it leads to more direct orders
R.9074
INDEX NO. 155943/2023
NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF 12/20/2023
2022.07.11 - FDNY/DOT
Monday, July 11, 2022 3:31 PM
FDNY: Fabricio Caro (Direct Comm. Affairs; overseeing all levels of public engagement, including fire
safety outreach and education), Sandra Sanchez (Assistant Direct Community Affairs), Nicole (Off of Leg
and IG Affairs)
DCWP: Charlie, Sam Mike
Nicole: Have been talking with electeds about this issue and other agencies about this.
Fabricio:
. Ongoing conversation
. Over last months and year, developing educational materials on storing, charging, and using e-bike
batteries.
© We don't recommend specific batters, but always using testing laboratories, e.g.,
Underwriters Unlimited.
Nicole: We can't advise on types of batteries. Not sure exactly what's going on with all these fires. It
looks like the big problem is people are not using the rigth batteries. Difference between getting the
right one and not the right one might be the difference between life and death.
Problem seems lie with the batteries that haven't been tested.
When they don't meet the standard, they cause fires.
Can get us to the person in the FDNY for technical advising.
Nicole: There are regulations about how to create a charging room. Will email me the code. Don't issue
violations for misuse of residential apartments. Really for landlords to regulate.
Haven't had fires in the commercial storage rooms. Usually these are plans that need to be approved
beforehand (will confirm that). In theory, FDNY can inspect these businesses, but not apartments.
Julia Kite-Laidlaw, can we just go down our list and do a fire safety inspection?
Differences between moped and e-bike batteries?
Nicole: All the same considerations still apply with the moped and the e-bike. Lithium ion batteries are
the ones we're concerned about. There are older types of batteries that are not as dangerous.
Caro: The fires are very aggressive. Our operational guidelines have changed. Not just to calm the fire. A
specialty unit has to come out. Treated as a hazardous material. It's not just a fire, the gases can cause
explosions. The amounts increase year by year by year.
Nicole: We have stats we can share. Just gave them to counsel. By end of May, 80 for the year. In 2021,
it was in the 50s for the entire year. 2020 it was like 19. 10s of thousands of fires but these are especially
concerning: difficult to quell, thermal runaway can't be stopped, it can only be controlled and you have
to let it run out, and these are in apartments.
Caro: Share the 1-pagers (lithium ion; mobility devices), speaks mostly to residential charging.
Follow-up with Julia Kite-Laidlaw:
. | would like to be seeing enforcement at the point of enforcement.
© Warnings/education, followed-up by seizure
. High-end bike brands
© Everything that's already installed will be UL listed, probably they're
© Elby, Radpower, Brompton, Pedigo
. Citibikes
© Can try to find out about the e-bike batteries
. NYCHA did not consult with DOT about it.
R.9075,
INDEX NO. 155943/2023
NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 12/20/2023
R.9076
INDEX NO. 155943/2023
NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 12/20/2023
Attendance
MOC&:S: Jen Roberton, Claudia Villar-Leeman
FDNY: Nick Petrakis, Ning Gao, Roy Ratan, Yash Patel, Kelly Carr, Kam Chan, Chief
Brincat(?), Chief Brian Cordasco, Julian Bazel,
DOT: John Frost, Lily Gordon-Koven
DCP: Conor Clarke
EDC: Gloria Campbell
Background
FDNY team working with battery energy storage systems and safety
Micromobility issues started in 2017 with hoverboard fires (due to lithium ion battery)
o Consumer product safety council (CPSC)— addresses fire safety needs
Number of electric bike fires in NYC
° In past few weeks — 55-60 electric bike fires including 3 losses of life
Electric bike regulations: FDNY can set fire code standards to make sure that spaces that
are designed to house micromobility charging have fire suppression safety built in
o Other than this FDNY does not regulate bicycles or vehicles
Safety standards for Micromobility
e CPSC sets safety regulation for consumer goods nationally
o. Take action when safety is at risk — for example after hoverboard fires became a
big issue they effectively banned imports of all dangerous hoverboards
o FDNY in ongoing dialogue via fed affairs on CPSC action for micromobility safety
e Safest micromobility device are listed by UL or equivalent laboratory
o UL2272: Standard for Electrical Systems for Personal E-Mobility Devices
o UL 2849: e-bike cert tion
o Other laboratories: Intertek, CSA
Fire Code Requirements
Set by FDNY — micromobility is in section 309 of proposed 2021 fire code (starts on page
122 of the proposed 2021 code)
Sets standards for battery charging equipment including:
° need for UL listing or similar approved testing laboratory
R.9077
INDEX NO. 155943/2023
NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 12/20/2023
inspection of batteries for cracks
sufficient ventilation
3 feet of clearance between devices
Direct connection to electrical receptacles (without the use of extension cords)
Space not used for storage of combustible or hazardous materials
Separated by a fire barrier with a minimum one-hour fire-resistance rating from
areas in which repairs or other servicing is conducted on the battery or mobility
device
If six or more devices being charged at a single indoor location, is dedicated for
battery charging and secured from unauthorized entry:
. Will be separated by a fire barrier which encloses the entire space with a
minimum one-hour fire-resistance rating; and
Will include a fire sprinkler system and one or more smoke detectors or
smoke alarms.
If the building or occupancy is equipped with a fire alarm system, the
smoke detector shall be connected to such system.
If the ambient temperature of the room during battery charging
operations exceeds the limitations set forth in the manufacturer’s
instructions or the equipment listing, the room or area shall be
temperature controlled to prevent overheating or other unsafe battery
condition;
o Provide portable fire extinguisher
If facility is used for the storage but not charging of micromobility device, it will comply
with:
° Space not used for storage of combustible or hazardous materials
° Separated by a fire barrier with a minimum one-hour fire-resistance rating from
areas in which repairs or other servicing is conducted on the battery or mobility
device
° Provide portable fire extinguisher
Exemptions:
° Storage and charging in a Group R-3 occupancy or in a dwelling unit in a Group R-
2 occupancy of not more than 5 powered mobility devices using a storage
battery, provided that such devices are for personal use.
Charging of a single powered mobility device by and in the presence of its owner
or user.
Fire code can be difficult to enforce for existing buildings
Additional Q&A
. What are the batteries found in micromobility?
° Lithium ion — cheapest and most efficient technology — found in micromobility
applications
R.9078
INDEX NO. 155943/2023
NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 12/20/2023
° Nickel cadmium — very heavy so only going to find in industrial vehicles
° Lead acid — used more often on older golf carts
. Can you walk us through the particular concerns with lithium ion battery fires compared
to other fires?
° Lithium-ion cell technology uses 1865 battery cells
. Non-metallic lithium
. Same cells in stationary battery storage applications but small per device
kWh (residential system is 12-20 kWh, most ebikes are 0.7 kWh)
Stationary applications go through considerable amount of listing
requirements, show they are safe, including manufacturing review.
E-bikes is a grey area, no listing requirements for micromobility and
regulation is at federal level with the CPSC
lots of energy density for their size - can be volatile.
Substandard manufacturing processes from bikes and scooters compared to
large scale applications
No off gassing or problem during normal charging and discharging, but they are
finnicky.
Unintentional overcharging or over discharging can lead to thermal runaway
(crush the separators), and generating more heat than can release.
. Will continue to off gas. When they fail, they release flammable gas and
heat.
Hard to extinguish fires — deep seated fire and cells are protected (water cannot
penetrate the module)
. Defective cells and less stringent manufacturing standards in some
micromobility applications dangerous
Just takes one cell going into thermal runaway— can push the rest of
them. Energetic failure cascades throughout entire module.
. Can reignite a few hours/days/even weeks later
People use different chargers than what is rated for the product
. Some equipment bought off the shelf — after-market charger is less
expensive
OEM model might be expensive
Batteries charged at specific voltage and rate or else it overcharges and
causes thermal runaway, there can be a mismatch between the chargers
and batteries
. Some replacement batteries can have substandard manufacturing
. Not all fires are caused by this mismatch
° FDNY responded to a Citibike fire (higher quality batteries still have a problem)
. What makes some batteries safer than others?
° Best product standards — need UL approved equipment
° Built environment has to adjust w/ fire suppression in place
° Concerned with dropping the battery module- can’t tell but cell could be
damaged internally and causing fire
R.9079
INDEX NO. 155943/2023
NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF 12/20/2023
Are there policies on accessing City buildings with electric bikes or scooters due to fire
safety?
° MOC&S connected FDNY with DCAS to discuss
Public safety and education
° Education for the public —fire safety education unit
° Tweets and Instagram posts on micromobility safety
Is there are potential issue with 240V European equipment being used in the US which
has 110V power?
° Yes — equipment needs to match
Would reaching out to all the bike shops be a good starting point?
° Need CPSC regulation in place to regulate what can be imported and sold
Would outdoor charging solve the problem?
° Outdoor would be more forgiving in general, but charging an ebike next to a
wood framed structure could still set it on fire even if it outside. Could develop
an appropriately located charging station away from combustible material that
would be ideal. Even better is to improve the product and make sure that it
operates safely with other devices.
Does this affect bike room in apt buildings now?
° Wouldn’t count as existing charging facility
This is going to be an issue for all building owners.
° People want e-bikes, want to bring them up into office because theyre
expensive. Many have bike rooms at lower levels — if people want to use them
for charging, need to create secure room to keep ebikes out of occupied areas,
has enough electric supply, fire safety considerations, etc to accommodate.
Or will ban them?
Issue in the future for a lot of building owners
R.9080
INDEX NO. 155943/2023
NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 12/20/2023
Contents
3 Preface
Chapter 1:
Key Findings
27 Chapter 2:
Poverty in the City: Policy Responses and the Path Forward
45 Chapter 3:
Measuring Poverty: The NYCgov Poverty Measure Compared to U.S.
Official and U.S. Supplemental Poverty Measures
57 Chapter 4:
Detailed Data Tables
69 Acknowledgements
New York City Government Poverty Measure 2019 ye.gov/opportunity
R.9082
INDEX NO. 155943/2023
NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF 12/20/2023
Preface
This poverty report is mandated by the New York City Charter, which requires the Mayor’s Office for
Economic Opportunity (NYC Opportunity) to release an update to the NYC Government poverty measure
(NYCgov measure) every year, along with a survey of efforts to reduce poverty in the city. The report helps
the City to monitor poverty and near poverty across the five boroughs, and to understand its impact on
specific parts of the population. This edition of the report contains data through 2019, just before the onset
of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The report shows poverty at a historic low: the NYCgov poverty rate of 17.9 for 2019 and near poverty rate
of 40.8 are the lowest on record going back to 2005, the first year measured by our office. These rates reflect
meaningful progress over recent years, and serve as an important pre-Covid baseline as New York City turns
toward recovery.
Of course, the economic impact of the pandemic has been substantial, and the effects have been felt most
significantly by those already financially insecure. As preliminary research by our Poverty Research Unit
has shown, the inequities that existed pre-pandemic are deeply engrained and will demand ongoing and
focused attention.
There are hopeful signs, however, that Federal, State, and local relief programs have had a meaningful impact
in mitigating what otherwise would have been a devastating increase in poverty since 2019. While the
underlying data from 2020 and 2021 required to construct our poverty measure have not yet been released,
there is indication that in New York City, the 2020 poverty rate will be held in check by relief policies, and in
2021 poverty could fall below 2019 levels, driven by the extraordinary temporary relief in the American
Rescue Plan Act. The specific effects of COVID-19 on New York City poverty will be reflected in future reports,
starting with the edition released next year.
Despite the significant differences between the city economy reflected in this report and the city economy
of today, the report’s data contain important lessons about how poverty is distributed and the policies and
practices that have been effective in reducing it. As New York City moves forward to address current economic
challenges, forging an equitable recovery will require close attention to the evidence about what drove 2019
poverty rates to a record low.
Matthew Klein Christine D’Onofrio
Executive Director Director, Poverty Research
Mayor’s Office for Economic Opportunity Mayor’s Office for Economic Opportunity
This report is authored by the staff of the Poverty Research Unit of the Mayor’s Office for Economic Opportunity,
2020-2021:
Jihyun Shin, Ph.D., Deputy Director
for Poverty Research
John Krampner, Research Associate
Vicky Virgin, Research Associate
Anne Hill, Technical Fellow
This report, related technical appendices, and prior year reports are available at:
https://www1..nyc.gov/site/opportunity/poverty-in-nyc/poverty-measure.page
1 See “The COVID Economy: A Difficult and Unequal Recovery.” NYC Opportunity News Blog, March 12, 2021.
https://medium.com/nyc-opportunity/the-covid-economy-a-difficult-and-unequal-recovery-24cbe764fcd1.
New York City Government Poverty Measure 2019 ye.gov/opportunity
R.9083,
INDEX NO. 155943/2023
NYSCEF BOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 12/20/2023
Chapter 1
Key Findings
R.9084
INDEX NO. 155943/2023
NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEghapie?4 20/2023
Chapter 1
Key Findings
The New York City Government (NYCgov) poverty measure is a measure of poverty adapted to the realities of
the city’s economy. The poverty threshold accounts for housing costs that are higher than the national average.
The measure of family resources includes public benefits and tax credits, but also acknowledges spending on
medical costs and work-related expenses such as childcare and commuting.
The NYCgov poverty rate, threshold, and income measure are higher than those same figures in the
U.S. official measure.
1.4 Poverty in New York City, 2019
The NYCgov poverty rate for 2019 is 17.9 percent. This is a statistically significant 1.4 percentage point
change from 2018 when the rate was 19.3 percent. The 2019 rate is the lowest NYCgov poverty rate since
the series began with 2005 data. The decline in the poverty rate primarily is due to increases in income and
employment during the last year of the economic expansion that followed the Great Recession. The decline
in poverty over the five-year period 2015 to 2019 also was statistically significant, resulting in a poverty rate
that fell from 19.6 to 17.9 percent.
. The NYCgov poverty rate is historically higher than the U.S. official poverty rate. The official
rate is derived only from pre-tax cash income and a poverty threshold that is three times the
nationwide cost of a minimal food budget. The NYCgov rate responds to changes in multiple
sources of income (including income supplements), medical and work-related expenses,
and changes in average living standards over time, including local housing costs. Table 1.1
and Figure 1.1 illustrate these differences.
The NYCgov near poverty rate for 2019 is 40.8 percent. This is a statistically significant decline from the
41.9 percent near poverty rate in 2018. The term “near poverty,” as utilized in this report, includes the share
of the population living under 150 percent of the NYCgov poverty threshold. It includes all people in poverty
and those above the threshold but at risk of falling into poverty. The decline in near poverty, from 45.4
percent in 2015 to 40.8 percent in 20149, also is statistically significant (see Figure 1.2).
1 All poverty and near poverty rates for 2018 are revised from their release in 2020. The revision includes updated medical and childcare
costs to reflect more recent data.
New York City Government Poverty Measure 2019 ye.gov/opportunity
R.9085,
INDEX NO. 155943/2023
NYSCEF BASpterMO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 12/20/2023
The NYCgov poverty threshold for 2019 is $36,262. This represents an increase of 3.5 percent from 2018
when the poverty threshold was $35,044. The near poverty threshold (150 percent of the NYCgov threshold)
increased to $52,566 (not shown). Thresholds stated are for two-adult, two-child families.
. Threshold increases are driven by growth in national expenditures on food, clothing,
shelter, and utilities, and by additional housing costs in New York City. In 2019, threshold
components grew at slightly lower rates than in 2018. The NYC adjustment to the shelter
and utilities component was an additional 56 percent compared to 54 percent in 2018.
Table 1.1
NYCgov and U.S. Official Poverty Rates and
Thresholds, 2018-2019
2018 2019
Poverty Rates (%)
NYCgov Poverty 19.3 17.9
NYCgov Near Poverty 41.9 40.8
U.S. Official Poverty 16.1 14.5
Thresholds ($)
NYCgov Poverty $35,044 $36,262
U.S. Official Poverty $25,465 $25,926
Source: American Community Survey Public Use Micro Sample as augmented by NYC Opportunity. U.S. official threshold
from U.S. Census Bureau.
Notes: Numbers in bold indicate a statistically significant change from prior year. U.S. official poverty rates are based on
the NYCgov poverty universe and unit of analysis. See Appendix A for details
New York City Government Poverty Measure 2019 ye.gov/opportunity
R.9086,
INDEX NO. 155943/2023
NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEghapie?4 20/2023
Figure 1.1
Official and NYCgov Poverty Rates, 2005-2019
24%
22%
20.6% 20.8% 20.1% "20.5%
20.39% 20.0% 20.2%
19.8% 19.4% 19.696
20% 19.0% 19.2% 193%
20.0% 19.0%
119.9%
19.2% 17.9%
19.1%
18% 18.8%
18.3% 18.4%
17.9%
174% 17.6%
16.8%
16% 15.1%
16.6%
15.198
14%
14.5%
12% T T T T T T T T T T T
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
BE official O Nvceov
Source: American Community Survey Public Use Micro Sample as augmented by NYC Opportunity.
Notes: Official poverty rates are based on the NYCgov poverty universe and unit of analysis. (See Appendix B.)
*Data prior to 2013 has not been revised.
Numbers in bold indicate a statistically significant change from the prior year.
New York City Government Poverty Measure 2019 nyc.gov/opportunity
R.9087
INDEX NO. 155943/2023
NYSCEF BASpterMO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF 12/20/2023
Figure 1.2
NYCgov Near Poverty Rates, 2015-2019
50%
48%
46% 45.4
444
44.2
44%
41.9
42%
40.8*
40%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Source: American Community Survey Public Use Micro Sample as augmented by NYC Opportunity.
Notes: Numbers in bold indicate a statistically significant change from the prior year.
*Indicates a statistically significant change from 2015 to 2019.
1.2 Differences in New York City Rates by Demographics and Geography
The data in Section 1.1 showed citywide rates of poverty. When the city population is decomposed into
demographic or geographic subgroups, different patterns of poverty can emerge. This section shows poverty
rates for New Yorkers in various groupings: family type; work experience; educational attainment: race, gender,
and ethnicity; borough; and community district. Poverty rates are shown for the years 2015 to 2019 to illustrate
trends in the data. In the case of community districts, where sample sizes typically are small, we average five
years of data and present one poverty rate for the years 2015 to 2019. Year-over-year changes in poverty rates
are often significant but somewhat volatile. The more meaningful five-year trend shows that many groups have
experienced significant declines in poverty rates over the 2015 to 2019 period, including:
. Males and females . Working age adults at all levels of educational
. Working age adults attainment
. One- and two-parent families Full time, year-round workers and less
than full-time, year-round workers
New York City Government Poverty Measure 2019 ye.gov/opportunity
R.9088
INDEX NO. 155943/2023
NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEghapie?4 20/2023
Hispanics, Non-Hispanic Blacks, and All families with children under 18
Non-Hispanic Whites (no significant Married or unmarried partners with and
change for Non-Hispanic Asians) without children
Citizens by birth, naturalized citizens, Childless single heads of households
and non-citizens Among residents of all boroughs
There were no statistically significant increases in poverty or near poverty for any group from 2018 to 2019, or
from 2015 to 2019. Detailed data tables for poverty rates are provided in Chapter 4.
Figure 1.3
NYCgov Poverty Rates by Age, 2015-2019
| | |
25% 22.6
22.3 21.8 247 22.2 22.2"
20.6" 20.4 20.9 20.7
20% 17.8 18.1 176
16.0%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Children Nonelderly Adults Elderly Adults
2015 BH 2016 © 2017 2018 a 2019
Source: American Community Survey Public Use Micro Sample as augmented by NYC Opportunity.
Notes: Numbers in bold indicate a statistically significant change from the prior year.
*Indicates a statistically significant change from 2015 to 2019.
New York City Government Poverty Measure 2019 ye.gov/opportunity
R.9089.
INDEX NO. 155943/2023
NYSCEF BAGpterO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF 12/20/2023
!
Figure 1.4
NYCgov Poverty Rates by Sex, 2015-2019
25%
|
21.0
I |
20.5 20.6
20% 18.4 19.0%
18.1 175 17.9
16.7%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Males Females
2015 @ 2016 2017 2018 2019
Source: American Community Survey Public Use Micro Sample as augmented by NYC Opportunity.
Notes: Numbers in bold indicate a statistically significant change from the prior year.
*Indicates a statistically significant change from 2015 to 2019.
Figure 1.5
NYCgov Poverty Rates by Race/Ethnicity, 2015-2019
30%
| LL
25.1 25.4
25%
22.2 22.4 22.3 22.2 21.2 21.3
20.8 20.0 20.3
20%
15%
Ll
12.4 12.4 12.4 a7
11.3"
10%
5%
0%
Non-Hispanic Asian Non-Hispanic Black. Hispanic,
Any Race Non-Hispanic White
2015 BH 2016 2017 2018 B20
Source: American Community Survey Public Use Micro Sample as augmented by NYC Opportunity.
Notes: Numbers in bold indicate a statistically significant change from the prior year.
*Indicates a statistically significant change from 2015 to 2019.
10 New York City Government Poverty Measure 2019 ye.gov/opportunity
Preview
INDEX NO. 155943/2023 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 12/20/2023 ADMINISTRATIVE RECORD TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Vol. 12 (R. 9072-9363): Information Obtained From Agencies City Agency Meeting Notes 9072-9080 New York City Government Poverty Measure 2019 9081-9150 Micromobility in NYC 9151-9169 NYC DOT Letter to Grubhub 9170-9171 Office of the Comptroller Construction Worker Prevailing Wage Schedule 9172-9261 New York DOL, Minimum Wage Order Miscellaneous Industries and Occupations 9262-9292 New York DOL, Hospitality Industry Wage Order 9293-9322 New York DOL, Minimum Wage for Fast Food Workers FAQs 9323-9330 New York DMV, Register a Moped 9331-9335 New York DMV, Driver License Renewal Fees 9336-9339 New York DMV, Passenger Vehicle Registration Fees, Use Taxes, Fees 9340-9351 OSHA, Work-Related Injuries and IIInesses 9352-9363 INDEX NO. 155943/2023 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 12/20/2023 2021.10.27 - DOT Wednesday, October 27, 2021 1:54 PM Present from OLPS: Sam Krinsky, Elizabeth Major Present from DOT: Will Carry, Julia Kite-Laidlaw OLPS Agenda Items: Bridges ° List by name and area ° GIS specs ° Classes ° Permissible uses ° Other characteristics Tunnels List by name and area GIS files Classes ° Permissible uses ° Other characteristics Vehicle classification Insurance requirements . License requirements Will: Exec director of policy at DOT, a lot of vision zero. Proliferation of scooters. Commenting on the bills. Julia: works on will's team. Especially vision zero. Keeping trends on fatality and injuries. Will: DOT has inventory of 780 bridges and tunnels. Can connect us with someone in the GIS team, who can provide the GIS layer. Includes streets that are on structure. MTA bridge and tunnel unit has control over the tolled crossings. Those mostly do not allow for bicycles and e-bikes. Julia: Mopeds are not registered and do not have VINs. DOT wants to make users more aware of what is illegal (speed limits, registration requirements, etc.). See Electric Bicycles & More form DOT vision zero. Some sales are illegal. Some operations are illegal. Will: Impression is that most workers are using devices that are not street-legal — migration from now- legal e-bikes to motorized scooters (I.e., a moped without license plate or VIN), these are illegal to sell and ride. Julia: Can share the sign they'll be giving to the retailers. Workers are being duped — thinking they're getting legal e-bikes but they're really illegal motorized scooters. Will: DOT wants to make apps responsible. Clarify in new law, and position is they're out of compliance even under current law. R.9072 INDEX NO. 155943/2023 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 12/20/2023 Will: E-bike or bike, no insurance; if you have a legal moped (a revel), riders must have a driver's license and the vehicles must be insured. Standing scooter, no insurance. For A-C mopeds, NYS DMV has the summary table of the insurance requirements. Vast majority of vehicles are uninsurable because they're illegal. The illegal mopeds are $1-2k, but the legal ones can be more expensive. Major: Existing insurance products may only be for personal not commercial use. Will: If we started enforcing, workers would switch to the e-bikes because it would be prohibitively expensive. Will/Julia: The illegal mopeds are unregistered versions of the legal mopeds — not a different type of vehicle. Julia: NYPD will note in their collision reports if a fatality involved a delivery worker if it's obvious (likely undercount). DOT has these stats (e.g., 2 delivery worker e-bike fatalities, vs. 9 total e-bike fatalities in a year, where an unknown subset of the 7 may be been delivery workers). Will: Elizabeth can have an information share with the GIS team. DOT hires an outside company to help them with their micromobility data. There is a mobility data standard. Could be used as a model. R.9073, INDEX NO. 155943/2023 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF 12/20/2023 2022.05.03 - SBS Tuesday, May 03,2022 12:55 PM Characteristics of SBS contact list . 23,000 contacts in total . Sourced from Department of Health . Email addresses are those which restaurants used to apply for licenses © May not be active © We don't know who/if anyone within a restaurant monitors the listed email addresses . No clear estimate number given, lowest number mentioned was 5,000 SBS Comms team can contact everyone on the list, Food & Bev team better suited for targeted outreach © We prefer to contact the full list Advice: fewer words, many languages (they typically use 11 langugages, should have Spanish and Mandarin at the minimum), minimize the lift for the SBS Comms team (draft full email Useful knowledge . Most restaurants are at the fee cap, many were at 25-35% before the cap . Restaurants don't want to employ delivery people . The fees are worth it to restaurants even pre-cap, because it expands customer base and increases cash flow © Profitability can only really increase if it leads to more direct orders R.9074 INDEX NO. 155943/2023 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF 12/20/2023 2022.07.11 - FDNY/DOT Monday, July 11, 2022 3:31 PM FDNY: Fabricio Caro (Direct Comm. Affairs; overseeing all levels of public engagement, including fire safety outreach and education), Sandra Sanchez (Assistant Direct Community Affairs), Nicole (Off of Leg and IG Affairs) DCWP: Charlie, Sam Mike Nicole: Have been talking with electeds about this issue and other agencies about this. Fabricio: . Ongoing conversation . Over last months and year, developing educational materials on storing, charging, and using e-bike batteries. © We don't recommend specific batters, but always using testing laboratories, e.g., Underwriters Unlimited. Nicole: We can't advise on types of batteries. Not sure exactly what's going on with all these fires. It looks like the big problem is people are not using the rigth batteries. Difference between getting the right one and not the right one might be the difference between life and death. Problem seems lie with the batteries that haven't been tested. When they don't meet the standard, they cause fires. Can get us to the person in the FDNY for technical advising. Nicole: There are regulations about how to create a charging room. Will email me the code. Don't issue violations for misuse of residential apartments. Really for landlords to regulate. Haven't had fires in the commercial storage rooms. Usually these are plans that need to be approved beforehand (will confirm that). In theory, FDNY can inspect these businesses, but not apartments. Julia Kite-Laidlaw, can we just go down our list and do a fire safety inspection? Differences between moped and e-bike batteries? Nicole: All the same considerations still apply with the moped and the e-bike. Lithium ion batteries are the ones we're concerned about. There are older types of batteries that are not as dangerous. Caro: The fires are very aggressive. Our operational guidelines have changed. Not just to calm the fire. A specialty unit has to come out. Treated as a hazardous material. It's not just a fire, the gases can cause explosions. The amounts increase year by year by year. Nicole: We have stats we can share. Just gave them to counsel. By end of May, 80 for the year. In 2021, it was in the 50s for the entire year. 2020 it was like 19. 10s of thousands of fires but these are especially concerning: difficult to quell, thermal runaway can't be stopped, it can only be controlled and you have to let it run out, and these are in apartments. Caro: Share the 1-pagers (lithium ion; mobility devices), speaks mostly to residential charging. Follow-up with Julia Kite-Laidlaw: . | would like to be seeing enforcement at the point of enforcement. © Warnings/education, followed-up by seizure . High-end bike brands © Everything that's already installed will be UL listed, probably they're © Elby, Radpower, Brompton, Pedigo . Citibikes © Can try to find out about the e-bike batteries . NYCHA did not consult with DOT about it. R.9075, INDEX NO. 155943/2023 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 12/20/2023 R.9076 INDEX NO. 155943/2023 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 12/20/2023 Attendance MOC&:S: Jen Roberton, Claudia Villar-Leeman FDNY: Nick Petrakis, Ning Gao, Roy Ratan, Yash Patel, Kelly Carr, Kam Chan, Chief Brincat(?), Chief Brian Cordasco, Julian Bazel, DOT: John Frost, Lily Gordon-Koven DCP: Conor Clarke EDC: Gloria Campbell Background FDNY team working with battery energy storage systems and safety Micromobility issues started in 2017 with hoverboard fires (due to lithium ion battery) o Consumer product safety council (CPSC)— addresses fire safety needs Number of electric bike fires in NYC ° In past few weeks — 55-60 electric bike fires including 3 losses of life Electric bike regulations: FDNY can set fire code standards to make sure that spaces that are designed to house micromobility charging have fire suppression safety built in o Other than this FDNY does not regulate bicycles or vehicles Safety standards for Micromobility e CPSC sets safety regulation for consumer goods nationally o. Take action when safety is at risk — for example after hoverboard fires became a big issue they effectively banned imports of all dangerous hoverboards o FDNY in ongoing dialogue via fed affairs on CPSC action for micromobility safety e Safest micromobility device are listed by UL or equivalent laboratory o UL2272: Standard for Electrical Systems for Personal E-Mobility Devices o UL 2849: e-bike cert tion o Other laboratories: Intertek, CSA Fire Code Requirements Set by FDNY — micromobility is in section 309 of proposed 2021 fire code (starts on page 122 of the proposed 2021 code) Sets standards for battery charging equipment including: ° need for UL listing or similar approved testing laboratory R.9077 INDEX NO. 155943/2023 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 12/20/2023 inspection of batteries for cracks sufficient ventilation 3 feet of clearance between devices Direct connection to electrical receptacles (without the use of extension cords) Space not used for storage of combustible or hazardous materials Separated by a fire barrier with a minimum one-hour fire-resistance rating from areas in which repairs or other servicing is conducted on the battery or mobility device If six or more devices being charged at a single indoor location, is dedicated for battery charging and secured from unauthorized entry: . Will be separated by a fire barrier which encloses the entire space with a minimum one-hour fire-resistance rating; and Will include a fire sprinkler system and one or more smoke detectors or smoke alarms. If the building or occupancy is equipped with a fire alarm system, the smoke detector shall be connected to such system. If the ambient temperature of the room during battery charging operations exceeds the limitations set forth in the manufacturer’s instructions or the equipment listing, the room or area shall be temperature controlled to prevent overheating or other unsafe battery condition; o Provide portable fire extinguisher If facility is used for the storage but not charging of micromobility device, it will comply with: ° Space not used for storage of combustible or hazardous materials ° Separated by a fire barrier with a minimum one-hour fire-resistance rating from areas in which repairs or other servicing is conducted on the battery or mobility device ° Provide portable fire extinguisher Exemptions: ° Storage and charging in a Group R-3 occupancy or in a dwelling unit in a Group R- 2 occupancy of not more than 5 powered mobility devices using a storage battery, provided that such devices are for personal use. Charging of a single powered mobility device by and in the presence of its owner or user. Fire code can be difficult to enforce for existing buildings Additional Q&A . What are the batteries found in micromobility? ° Lithium ion — cheapest and most efficient technology — found in micromobility applications R.9078 INDEX NO. 155943/2023 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 12/20/2023 ° Nickel cadmium — very heavy so only going to find in industrial vehicles ° Lead acid — used more often on older golf carts . Can you walk us through the particular concerns with lithium ion battery fires compared to other fires? ° Lithium-ion cell technology uses 1865 battery cells . Non-metallic lithium . Same cells in stationary battery storage applications but small per device kWh (residential system is 12-20 kWh, most ebikes are 0.7 kWh) Stationary applications go through considerable amount of listing requirements, show they are safe, including manufacturing review. E-bikes is a grey area, no listing requirements for micromobility and regulation is at federal level with the CPSC lots of energy density for their size - can be volatile. Substandard manufacturing processes from bikes and scooters compared to large scale applications No off gassing or problem during normal charging and discharging, but they are finnicky. Unintentional overcharging or over discharging can lead to thermal runaway (crush the separators), and generating more heat than can release. . Will continue to off gas. When they fail, they release flammable gas and heat. Hard to extinguish fires — deep seated fire and cells are protected (water cannot penetrate the module) . Defective cells and less stringent manufacturing standards in some micromobility applications dangerous Just takes one cell going into thermal runaway— can push the rest of them. Energetic failure cascades throughout entire module. . Can reignite a few hours/days/even weeks later People use different chargers than what is rated for the product . Some equipment bought off the shelf — after-market charger is less expensive OEM model might be expensive Batteries charged at specific voltage and rate or else it overcharges and causes thermal runaway, there can be a mismatch between the chargers and batteries . Some replacement batteries can have substandard manufacturing . Not all fires are caused by this mismatch ° FDNY responded to a Citibike fire (higher quality batteries still have a problem) . What makes some batteries safer than others? ° Best product standards — need UL approved equipment ° Built environment has to adjust w/ fire suppression in place ° Concerned with dropping the battery module- can’t tell but cell could be damaged internally and causing fire R.9079 INDEX NO. 155943/2023 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF 12/20/2023 Are there policies on accessing City buildings with electric bikes or scooters due to fire safety? ° MOC&S connected FDNY with DCAS to discuss Public safety and education ° Education for the public —fire safety education unit ° Tweets and Instagram posts on micromobility safety Is there are potential issue with 240V European equipment being used in the US which has 110V power? ° Yes — equipment needs to match Would reaching out to all the bike shops be a good starting point? ° Need CPSC regulation in place to regulate what can be imported and sold Would outdoor charging solve the problem? ° Outdoor would be more forgiving in general, but charging an ebike next to a wood framed structure could still set it on fire even if it outside. Could develop an appropriately located charging station away from combustible material that would be ideal. Even better is to improve the product and make sure that it operates safely with other devices. Does this affect bike room in apt buildings now? ° Wouldn’t count as existing charging facility This is going to be an issue for all building owners. ° People want e-bikes, want to bring them up into office because theyre expensive. Many have bike rooms at lower levels — if people want to use them for charging, need to create secure room to keep ebikes out of occupied areas, has enough electric supply, fire safety considerations, etc to accommodate. Or will ban them? Issue in the future for a lot of building owners R.9080 INDEX NO. 155943/2023 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 12/20/2023 Contents 3 Preface Chapter 1: Key Findings 27 Chapter 2: Poverty in the City: Policy Responses and the Path Forward 45 Chapter 3: Measuring Poverty: The NYCgov Poverty Measure Compared to U.S. Official and U.S. Supplemental Poverty Measures 57 Chapter 4: Detailed Data Tables 69 Acknowledgements New York City Government Poverty Measure 2019 ye.gov/opportunity R.9082 INDEX NO. 155943/2023 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF 12/20/2023 Preface This poverty report is mandated by the New York City Charter, which requires the Mayor’s Office for Economic Opportunity (NYC Opportunity) to release an update to the NYC Government poverty measure (NYCgov measure) every year, along with a survey of efforts to reduce poverty in the city. The report helps the City to monitor poverty and near poverty across the five boroughs, and to understand its impact on specific parts of the population. This edition of the report contains data through 2019, just before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The report shows poverty at a historic low: the NYCgov poverty rate of 17.9 for 2019 and near poverty rate of 40.8 are the lowest on record going back to 2005, the first year measured by our office. These rates reflect meaningful progress over recent years, and serve as an important pre-Covid baseline as New York City turns toward recovery. Of course, the economic impact of the pandemic has been substantial, and the effects have been felt most significantly by those already financially insecure. As preliminary research by our Poverty Research Unit has shown, the inequities that existed pre-pandemic are deeply engrained and will demand ongoing and focused attention. There are hopeful signs, however, that Federal, State, and local relief programs have had a meaningful impact in mitigating what otherwise would have been a devastating increase in poverty since 2019. While the underlying data from 2020 and 2021 required to construct our poverty measure have not yet been released, there is indication that in New York City, the 2020 poverty rate will be held in check by relief policies, and in 2021 poverty could fall below 2019 levels, driven by the extraordinary temporary relief in the American Rescue Plan Act. The specific effects of COVID-19 on New York City poverty will be reflected in future reports, starting with the edition released next year. Despite the significant differences between the city economy reflected in this report and the city economy of today, the report’s data contain important lessons about how poverty is distributed and the policies and practices that have been effective in reducing it. As New York City moves forward to address current economic challenges, forging an equitable recovery will require close attention to the evidence about what drove 2019 poverty rates to a record low. Matthew Klein Christine D’Onofrio Executive Director Director, Poverty Research Mayor’s Office for Economic Opportunity Mayor’s Office for Economic Opportunity This report is authored by the staff of the Poverty Research Unit of the Mayor’s Office for Economic Opportunity, 2020-2021: Jihyun Shin, Ph.D., Deputy Director for Poverty Research John Krampner, Research Associate Vicky Virgin, Research Associate Anne Hill, Technical Fellow This report, related technical appendices, and prior year reports are available at: https://www1..nyc.gov/site/opportunity/poverty-in-nyc/poverty-measure.page 1 See “The COVID Economy: A Difficult and Unequal Recovery.” NYC Opportunity News Blog, March 12, 2021. https://medium.com/nyc-opportunity/the-covid-economy-a-difficult-and-unequal-recovery-24cbe764fcd1. New York City Government Poverty Measure 2019 ye.gov/opportunity R.9083, INDEX NO. 155943/2023 NYSCEF BOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 12/20/2023 Chapter 1 Key Findings R.9084 INDEX NO. 155943/2023 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEghapie?4 20/2023 Chapter 1 Key Findings The New York City Government (NYCgov) poverty measure is a measure of poverty adapted to the realities of the city’s economy. The poverty threshold accounts for housing costs that are higher than the national average. The measure of family resources includes public benefits and tax credits, but also acknowledges spending on medical costs and work-related expenses such as childcare and commuting. The NYCgov poverty rate, threshold, and income measure are higher than those same figures in the U.S. official measure. 1.4 Poverty in New York City, 2019 The NYCgov poverty rate for 2019 is 17.9 percent. This is a statistically significant 1.4 percentage point change from 2018 when the rate was 19.3 percent. The 2019 rate is the lowest NYCgov poverty rate since the series began with 2005 data. The decline in the poverty rate primarily is due to increases in income and employment during the last year of the economic expansion that followed the Great Recession. The decline in poverty over the five-year period 2015 to 2019 also was statistically significant, resulting in a poverty rate that fell from 19.6 to 17.9 percent. . The NYCgov poverty rate is historically higher than the U.S. official poverty rate. The official rate is derived only from pre-tax cash income and a poverty threshold that is three times the nationwide cost of a minimal food budget. The NYCgov rate responds to changes in multiple sources of income (including income supplements), medical and work-related expenses, and changes in average living standards over time, including local housing costs. Table 1.1 and Figure 1.1 illustrate these differences. The NYCgov near poverty rate for 2019 is 40.8 percent. This is a statistically significant decline from the 41.9 percent near poverty rate in 2018. The term “near poverty,” as utilized in this report, includes the share of the population living under 150 percent of the NYCgov poverty threshold. It includes all people in poverty and those above the threshold but at risk of falling into poverty. The decline in near poverty, from 45.4 percent in 2015 to 40.8 percent in 20149, also is statistically significant (see Figure 1.2). 1 All poverty and near poverty rates for 2018 are revised from their release in 2020. The revision includes updated medical and childcare costs to reflect more recent data. New York City Government Poverty Measure 2019 ye.gov/opportunity R.9085, INDEX NO. 155943/2023 NYSCEF BASpterMO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 12/20/2023 The NYCgov poverty threshold for 2019 is $36,262. This represents an increase of 3.5 percent from 2018 when the poverty threshold was $35,044. The near poverty threshold (150 percent of the NYCgov threshold) increased to $52,566 (not shown). Thresholds stated are for two-adult, two-child families. . Threshold increases are driven by growth in national expenditures on food, clothing, shelter, and utilities, and by additional housing costs in New York City. In 2019, threshold components grew at slightly lower rates than in 2018. The NYC adjustment to the shelter and utilities component was an additional 56 percent compared to 54 percent in 2018. Table 1.1 NYCgov and U.S. Official Poverty Rates and Thresholds, 2018-2019 2018 2019 Poverty Rates (%) NYCgov Poverty 19.3 17.9 NYCgov Near Poverty 41.9 40.8 U.S. Official Poverty 16.1 14.5 Thresholds ($) NYCgov Poverty $35,044 $36,262 U.S. Official Poverty $25,465 $25,926 Source: American Community Survey Public Use Micro Sample as augmented by NYC Opportunity. U.S. official threshold from U.S. Census Bureau. Notes: Numbers in bold indicate a statistically significant change from prior year. U.S. official poverty rates are based on the NYCgov poverty universe and unit of analysis. See Appendix A for details New York City Government Poverty Measure 2019 ye.gov/opportunity R.9086, INDEX NO. 155943/2023 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEghapie?4 20/2023 Figure 1.1 Official and NYCgov Poverty Rates, 2005-2019 24% 22% 20.6% 20.8% 20.1% "20.5% 20.39% 20.0% 20.2% 19.8% 19.4% 19.696 20% 19.0% 19.2% 193% 20.0% 19.0% 119.9% 19.2% 17.9% 19.1% 18% 18.8% 18.3% 18.4% 17.9% 174% 17.6% 16.8% 16% 15.1% 16.6% 15.198 14% 14.5% 12% T T T T T T T T T T T 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 BE official O Nvceov Source: American Community Survey Public Use Micro Sample as augmented by NYC Opportunity. Notes: Official poverty rates are based on the NYCgov poverty universe and unit of analysis. (See Appendix B.) *Data prior to 2013 has not been revised. Numbers in bold indicate a statistically significant change from the prior year. New York City Government Poverty Measure 2019 nyc.gov/opportunity R.9087 INDEX NO. 155943/2023 NYSCEF BASpterMO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF 12/20/2023 Figure 1.2 NYCgov Near Poverty Rates, 2015-2019 50% 48% 46% 45.4 444 44.2 44% 41.9 42% 40.8* 40% 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Source: American Community Survey Public Use Micro Sample as augmented by NYC Opportunity. Notes: Numbers in bold indicate a statistically significant change from the prior year. *Indicates a statistically significant change from 2015 to 2019. 1.2 Differences in New York City Rates by Demographics and Geography The data in Section 1.1 showed citywide rates of poverty. When the city population is decomposed into demographic or geographic subgroups, different patterns of poverty can emerge. This section shows poverty rates for New Yorkers in various groupings: family type; work experience; educational attainment: race, gender, and ethnicity; borough; and community district. Poverty rates are shown for the years 2015 to 2019 to illustrate trends in the data. In the case of community districts, where sample sizes typically are small, we average five years of data and present one poverty rate for the years 2015 to 2019. Year-over-year changes in poverty rates are often significant but somewhat volatile. The more meaningful five-year trend shows that many groups have experienced significant declines in poverty rates over the 2015 to 2019 period, including: . Males and females . Working age adults at all levels of educational . Working age adults attainment . One- and two-parent families Full time, year-round workers and less than full-time, year-round workers New York City Government Poverty Measure 2019 ye.gov/opportunity R.9088 INDEX NO. 155943/2023 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEghapie?4 20/2023 Hispanics, Non-Hispanic Blacks, and All families with children under 18 Non-Hispanic Whites (no significant Married or unmarried partners with and change for Non-Hispanic Asians) without children Citizens by birth, naturalized citizens, Childless single heads of households and non-citizens Among residents of all boroughs There were no statistically significant increases in poverty or near poverty for any group from 2018 to 2019, or from 2015 to 2019. Detailed data tables for poverty rates are provided in Chapter 4. Figure 1.3 NYCgov Poverty Rates by Age, 2015-2019 | | | 25% 22.6 22.3 21.8 247 22.2 22.2" 20.6" 20.4 20.9 20.7 20% 17.8 18.1 176 16.0% 15% 10% 5% 0% Children Nonelderly Adults Elderly Adults 2015 BH 2016 © 2017 2018 a 2019 Source: American Community Survey Public Use Micro Sample as augmented by NYC Opportunity. Notes: Numbers in bold indicate a statistically significant change from the prior year. *Indicates a statistically significant change from 2015 to 2019. New York City Government Poverty Measure 2019 ye.gov/opportunity R.9089. INDEX NO. 155943/2023 NYSCEF BAGpterO. 134 RECEIVED NYSCEF 12/20/2023 ! Figure 1.4 NYCgov Poverty Rates by Sex, 2015-2019 25% | 21.0 I | 20.5 20.6 20% 18.4 19.0% 18.1 175 17.9 16.7% 15% 10% 5% 0% Males Females 2015 @ 2016 2017 2018 2019 Source: American Community Survey Public Use Micro Sample as augmented by NYC Opportunity. Notes: Numbers in bold indicate a statistically significant change from the prior year. *Indicates a statistically significant change from 2015 to 2019. Figure 1.5 NYCgov Poverty Rates by Race/Ethnicity, 2015-2019 30% | LL 25.1 25.4 25% 22.2 22.4 22.3 22.2 21.2 21.3 20.8 20.0 20.3 20% 15% Ll 12.4 12.4 12.4 a7 11.3" 10% 5% 0% Non-Hispanic Asian Non-Hispanic Black. Hispanic, Any Race Non-Hispanic White 2015 BH 2016 2017 2018 B20 Source: American Community Survey Public Use Micro Sample as augmented by NYC Opportunity. Notes: Numbers in bold indicate a statistically significant change from the prior year. *Indicates a statistically significant change from 2015 to 2019. 10 New York City Government Poverty Measure 2019 ye.gov/opportunity