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I
I PROGRESS REPORT
I
I on
I
I THE PHYSICAL CONCENTRATION
OF TALC ORES- FLOTATION
I to
I JOHNSON AND JOHNSON
I May 23, 1958
I
I by
I
I W. E. Brown, W. L. Smith, and R. D. Macdonald
I
I
I
I BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE
505 King Avenue
Columbus I, Ohio
I
I Battelle is not engaged in research for advertising, sales promotion, or publicity
purposes, and this report may not be reproduced in full or in part for such purposes.
I
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I
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1 Battelle has always had a policy that its name and its reports could
not be used for advertising, sales promotion, or publicity purposes. Pro-
·J vision has been made for this in all of our research agreements and we
have found that our sponsors have respected and accepted this position.
This did not, of course, interfere in any way with any ·use the sponsor
I might make of the information in the report, as long as our name was not
used, nor did it interfere with the use of the report within the sponsor' s
organization for conveying information to all of those concerned with the
,.' J · .
research project.
I We have found on a few occasions that use of our reports in connec-
tion w'ith an advertising program has occurred, probably inadvertently,
because the individual using the report was unaware of this agreed-upon
J provision, even though his company had accepted our agreement. Further·-
more, there may be people who see and use our reports with the sponsor's
approval who are not necessarily connected ~with the sponsor who had
I agreed to our provisions. We may have been remiss in not indicating on
our reports the provisions that govern their use. Henceforth, the fo!low-
I ing statement will be included with each o£ our research reports, as is
shown· on the title page of this report: ·
I "Battelle is not engaged in research for advertising,
sales promotion, or publicity purposes, and this report may
I not be reproduced in full or in part for such purposes. 11
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Battelle Memorial Institute
I 5 0 5 K I N G A V E H U E COLUMBUS I, 0 H I 0
I
May 28, 1958
J
. '
··I··
'
I Dr. W. H. Lycan
Director of Research
Johnson and Johnson
~~ New Brunswick, New Jersey
.I Dear Dr. Lycan:
We are transmitting herewith six copies of our Progress Report on "The Physical
Concentration of Talc Ores -- Flotation", by W. E. Brown, W. L. Smith, and R. D.
Macdonald.
:1
The data in this report show that it is possible to make from Italian No. 2 grade,
I by flotation, a talc product that is superior to the Italian No. 1 grade. We now have
enough laboratory data to design either a pilot plant to produce larger quantities of this
material for critical evaluation, or a commercial plant to produce a nominal 50 tons of
J beneficiated talc per day.
I The data in this report indicate that it may be possible to produce a superior talc
by flotation from any raw talc which contains an appreciable percentage of platy talc.
We do not, however, have enough data as yet to prove this point. Additional experi-
.I mental work is required to show whether by flotation one can m~ke an acceptable prod-
ll;Ct from other raw materials, such as Indian talc.
~~
After you have reviewed this report, we would be pleased to discuss it with you or
to answer any questions which may arise.
I Sincerely yours,
~.-----Â
J @t;Y~
0. F. Tangel, 0hief
.1
:'
Minerals Beneficiation Division
OFT:dpc
.I Enc. (6)
.I
J
.,. DEDICATED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY.
INTRODUCTION .. 3
EXPERIMENTAL WORK 4
Samples Tested . 4
Sample From the Oasis Mine . 5
· Sample From the Stone Creek Mine 9
Italian No. 2 Talc 10
Detailed Flotation Experiments on Italian No. 2 Talc. 11
CONCLUSIONS 15
FUTURE WORK 16
APPENDIX A
DETAILS OF FLOTATION WORK A-1
APPENDIX B
FROTH FLOTATION B-1
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PHYSICAL CONCENTRATION OF TALC ORES- FLOTATION
I by
I W. E. Brown, W. L. Smith, and R. D. Macdonald
I SUMMARY
I This report contains data for the physical concentration of talc ores by flotation
I methods.
Flotation experiments were made on two talc samples from the United States and
I one from Italy. Most of the tests were made on the Italian talc because it was consid-
ered to be of the most immediate importance.
I The principal objective of the program was to obtain a product contai.ning a high
percentage of platy talc. The results of the tests show that each of the three different
samples can be treated to yield a float product that is significantly improved in its con-
I tent of platy talc. Table 1 summarizes the best results obtained and compares the raw
flotation feed with the beneficiated product.
I Table I shows that both the Oasis and Stone Creek samples were improved in
grade. The original Oasis sample contained 48 per cent platy talc and the Float 1 prod-
uct contained 8 3 per cent platy talc. The Stone Creek sample contained 30 per cent
I platy talc and the Float 1 product contained 85 per cent platy talc. Although these flo-
tation products show a substantial improvement in platy-talc content, they lack about
I 5 per cent of being equivalent to the 88 to 90 per cent platy-talc content of It.alian No.
grade which is currently being used by Johnson and Johnson as the raw material for
baby powder.
I Although the desired grade of at least 88 to 90 per cent platy talc was not attained
on either the Oasis or Stone Creek samples, a substantial improvement was obtained as
I the result of relatively few tests. It is expected that a suitable method can be developed,
through additional work, to yield a satisfactory product from the Oasis and Stone Creek
tales.
I Italian No. 2 talc likewise responded favorably to flotation. Two methods were
developed which yielded products that contained 96 to 97 per cent platy talc and 2 to 3
I per cent of fibrous talc. Mineralogically, these products are superior to the Italian
No. 1 talc which is being used by Johnson and Johnson for baby powder.
I The flotation experiments established that the nonplaty talc can be depressed by
using the proper amounts of either Dexttin•:c or hydrochloric acid, When Dextrin was
used the froth of the float products was very voluminous and persistent which probably
I would create handling and filtering problems in full scale operations. When hydro-
chloric acid was used the character of the froth appeared normal and rapid filtration
I was obtained.
• Dextrin is made by the hydrolysis of starch and is manufactured by Clinton Foods Incorporated, under the name of Dextrin 603.
I BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE
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INDEX NO. 815818/2020
c.
c
0
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c
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c
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(1)
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--4
--4 TABLE 1. SUMMARY OF FLOTATION RESULTS
IT1
,..
,..
IT1 Weight Per Cent Mineral Count, eer cent
Sample Product of Flotation Feed Platy Talc Nonelaty Talc Carbonates Tremolite Effective Reagent
E)- 3::
IT1
Oasis
Oasis
Feed
Float 1
100.0
34.6
48
83
43
16
5
<1
4
1 Dextrin
3::
W~oJ·
0 Stone Creek Feed 100.0 30 th 1 2
N
ll Stone Creek Float 1 29.9 85 12 1 2 None
)> Italian No. 2 Feed 100.0 90 s· 3 1
,.. Italian No. 2 Float 1 83.9 96 3 <1 <1 Dextrin
Italian No. 2 Float 1, 2 82.7 97 2 <1 1 Hydrochloric acid
and sea venger
Z Italian No. 1 Not treated 100.0 88-90 8"10 <2 Trace
Ill
-4 Note: Italian No. 1 is included for comparison.
c..
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3
One objection to the use of. Dextrin, other than the unsatisfactory frothing proper-
ties, would be the possibility of fungus growth on the talc particles if it were not washed
out completely or destroyed by heat during the drying operations.
INTRODUCTION
Johnson and·Johnson is-interested in a broad program. which includes investigating
the important·talc deposits in the world, the measurement of the physical properties of.
talc, and the physical benefidation of talc. The purpose of these investigations is to
·insure Johnson and Johtlson of the least expensive and most reliable raw-material source
and also to develop methods for further improving the properties of the talc used in baby
powder.
At present, Johnson and Johnson is obtaining raw material for baby-powder talcum
from Italian- deposits. This talc is regarded as very good quality. Some addl.tional im-
provement in quality is desirable, however, and may be possible by physical beneficia-
tion methods. None of the known domestic talc deposits can compare in quality with the
Italian talc, and part of this program is devoted to processing tales from the more suit-
able domestic sources in order to obtain a produ~t that is comparable in quality with the
Italian tales.
This Progress Report discusses information obtained on methods of improving the
properties of talc. This work is identified on the over-all program being conducted at
Battelle as Phase 3 - Physical Co~centration of Talc Ores.
The specific objectives of Phase 3 are:
( 1) To obtain a product which consists essentially of talc platelets
( 2) To reject talc particles which are of a size and shape that create
unpleasant dusting while dispensing talc from container a
( 3) To obtain a talc product with an obvious· .sheen in order to convey
to the consumer the immediate impression that the talc is of the
highest quality.
In addition to achieving the foregoing objectives, it is desirable that the finished
product will meet the following specifications.
Moisture: Not more than 0. 15 per cent.
Solubility in Hydrochloric Acid: Not more than 6 per cent.
Fineness: Not less than 99.7 per cent through a 100-mesh sieve.
Not less than 98. 5 per cent through a ZOO-mesh sieve.
Microscopic Structure: ·Shall be platelets, and show no acicular or excessive
granular crystals.
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4
I
Bulk Density: Not less than 22 nor more than 27 pounds per cubic
foot, when test~d by the Scott Volumeter.
I
In further keeping with the standards of production, it is desirable that the finished
talc product have essentially the same whiteness as that currently being marketed by
Johnson and Johnson. Another objective is to reduce the alkalinity of the raw material
I
so that the pH value of a moistened sample will approximate neutrality, or a pH of 7.
Products obtained from physical beneficiation experiments can be evaluated by
I
microscopic examination and other phy.sical measurements. These other physical meas-
urements and their meaning are related·.to the properties of an accepted standard talcum
product. A Progress Report on "Studies of the Physical.Properties of Talc, Their
I
Measurement and Comparison", October 15, 1957, by W. L .. Smith, h,as been submitted
to Johnson and Johnson On this S\lbject and a Second and summarizing One is in
preparation.
I
The only method of physical beneficiation employed so far has been flotation. This
is because one of the outstanding properties of talc, £rom the standpoint of physical
I
beneficiation, is its natural floatability.
This report is composed principally of results from froth-flotation experiments.
I
For this reason a short discussion ·of the froth-flotation process is included as Appendix
B in the hope that it may be helpful in understanding the experiments. I
I
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
I
Samples Tested
I
Three samples from separate sources were used for the beneficiation experiments.
Two of these are from the United States and one from Italy. Thef?e ~amples have a wide
variety of purity with respect to degree of platiness and the contained impurities, and
I
probably are typical of what may be expected in talc deposits of .potential interest.
Table 2 shows the composition of these samples as determined by microscopic
I
count.
TABLE 2. !vUNERALOGICAL COMPOSITION OF SAMPLES INVESTlGATED
I
Mineral Count, 2er cent
I
Nonplaty
samele
Oasis Mine
Plat~
48
Talc Talc
43
Carbonates
5
Tremolite
4
Grind
Minus 65 mesh (dry)
I
(Nevada)
Stone Creek Mine
(Montana)
30 67 1 2 l\1inus 65 mesh (dry) I
Italian No. 2 90 6 (fibrous) 3 1 Minus 200 mesh (as received)
Italian No. 1 88-90 8-10 (fibrous) <7 Trace Minus 200 mesh (as received)
I
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I 5
;1...,
The mineral count given in Table 2 is made solely on the basis of incidence. No
emphasis-is given to the size of the particle encountered in the incidence, so the method
of evaluation may at first seem questionable. However, repeated counts made on differ-
ent fields of the same sample and different samples of th~ same material give supris-
,.
·I·
ingly consistent percentages, and the percentages of carbonate present agree with
chemical determinations of acid solubility. Because of this consistency, the method
was accepted as sufficiently accurate for rna st of the investigations .
.I Particles in Table 2 which are identified as nonplaty talc may be composed of
I. acicular, fibrous, granular, or cryptocrystalline aggregates of tiny platelets which
resemble granules. ·
I Nonplaty talc contained in the Italian samples is mostly fibrous or ·acicular in
form. It is difficult to distinguish acicular talc from remnants of platelets and tremo-
lite'in sizes smaller than 10 microns.
'I.~'
''·
Table 2 includes, for comparison, the composition of the Italian No. 1 grade
which is the raw material currently used in Johnson and Johnson baby powder. The
I mineralogical difference between the No. 1 and No. 2 grades is almost insignificant.
Italian No. 1 talc, however, costs several dollars more per ton. The Oasis and Stone
Creek Mine samples were selected to determine whether talc of a low platy content
I could be improved sufficiently to compare favorably with the Italian talc and, if so, what
recovery might reasonably be expected. Data on the beneficiation of various tales
would provide information that would permit an estimate of the tonnage of material
I necessary to supply the production requirements of Johnson and Johnson. Information
could also be developed for the probable cost of beneficiation.
I Ten exploratory experiments were made to observe the general response of the
I'
minerals during flotation and to learn the relative complexity of the problem. The sum-
marized results of these experiments were contained in our letter report of January 24,
. 1958, to Dr. W. H. Lycan .
I· Sample From the Oasis Mine
I The Oasis Mine sample came from Nevada and was supplied by the Sierra Talc
and Clay Company. This material was available because it had been previously investi-
gated by J?attelle{ l) for Johnson and Johnson as a potential raw talc source. The mate-
I ria·! on hand had been roll-crushed and then ground in a disc pulverizer through 65 mesh.
This sample, which contained about 48 per cent platy talc and 43 per cent granular
I talc, was selected for part of the investigation specifically because of its intermediate
platy-talc content. It was believed that any significant improvement made on the ore
would be more readily detected on low-grade materials than on high-grade materials.
I
.
Table 3 shows the flotation results obtained from five tests made on the Oasis
sample and Table 4 gives the test operating conditions.
I The results given in Tables 3 and 4 show that the Oasis talc in Test 1 was floated
I without any reagents and the platiness of the talc was increased from 48 per cent to 77
per cent. This definitely establishes that platy talc is more readily floated than granular
(1) Battelle Summary Report, February 29, 1956.
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TABLE 3. SUMMARY OF FLOTATION RESULTS ON OASIS TALC SAMPLE (MINUS 65 MESH)
Weight Aeeroximate Mineral Count, eer cent Reagents
Test Product Per Cent Platl Noneiatl Carbonates Tremolite Used
1 Float 1 32.2 77 20 1 3 None
Float 2 27.0 45 50 2 3 Dowfroth 200
2 Float 1 32.4 75 24 <1 <1 None
Float 2 36,4 45 45 10 Dowfroth 200
3 Cleaner 31.6 80 18 1 1 Dowfroth 200
float
Sa Float 1 34.6 83 16 <1 1 Dextrin
I~
.,
8 Float 1
Float 2
26.9
56.3
82
60
15
35
1
1
2
4
Dextrin ll
Flotation
feed
100.0 48 43 5 4
I.'
TABLE 4. TEST CONDITIONS USED TO OBTAIN RESULTS ON OASIS TALC SA!v!PLE
Reagent, pound
Time, minutes Pulp Per Cent Solids per ton of
Test Product Wetting Conditioning Floating eH in Feed flotation feed
1 Float 1
Float 2
10
0
0
0
5
5
8.6 13.0 None
Dowfroth 200, 0.17
I~
2 Float 1
Float 2
10
0
0
0
5
5
8.6 6.8 None
Dowfroth 200. 0.34
I
3 Cleaner
float
2 10 5 9.0 None
I· '
5a
8
Float 1
Float 1
5
5
5
5
5
5
8.6
8.6
13,0
13.0
Dextrin, 0, 54
Dextrin, 0, 94
1:
I. 1
I·
I
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7
talc. The only requirement was agitation and aeration of the pulp. Additional recovery
of talc was obtained by using Dowfroth 200 (a frothing and collecting reagent for talc)
but the float product was essentially the same quality as the feed. Carbonates in the
Float 1 product were reduced from 5 per cent to 1 per cent or less. Tremolite was more
difficult to reject although less than 1 per cent was observed in the Float 1 product of
Test 2. Tremolite rejection was accomplished by reducing the per cent solids in the
flotation feed from 13 per cent to 6. 8 per cent. Test 3 was made by refloating th~ com-
bined Float 1 and Float 2 products of Test 1. This yielded a product which was 80 per
cent platy talc and contained 31. 6 per cent of the original feed weight.
Because pla'ty talc is more readily floated than nonplaty talc, it was believed that
the addition of a talc depressant s\ich as Dextrin might have a selective depressing
action on the nonplaty talc forms which had appeared in the Float 1 products. Dextrin
was used in Tests Sa and 8, and the results show that Dextrin in the amount of 0. 54
pound per ton of flotation-feed solids was effective and helped to produce a Float 1 prod-
uct that was about 83 per cent platy talc .. Dextrin in this amount appeared to be effective
in causing a small increase in recovery. In Test 8, the Dextrin added was increased to
0. 94 pound per ton of flotation-feed solids. The quality of the Float 1 product was es-
sentially the same as in Test Sa, but the weight recovery decreased to 26. 9 per cent
compared with 34. 6 per cent when the lesser amount of Dextrin was used.
The results of the five test~ on the Oasis talc show that although none of the prod-
ucts obtained were mineralogically equivalent to the Italian talc, substantial improve-
ment had been obtained. The best results were obtained from Test Sa which yielded a
product containing 83 per cent platy talc. A comparison of the Oasis Float 1 product
with the Italian samples is given in Table 5.
TABLE 5. COMPARISON OF OASIS FLOAT 1 WITH ITALIAN NO. 1 AND NO. 2 TALCS
Mineral Count, Eer cent
Weight Platy Fibrous Granular
Per Cent Talc Talc Talc Carbonates Tremolite
Test Sa, Float 1 34.6 83 2 14 <1 1
Italian No. 1 100.0 88-90 8~10 0 <2 Trace
Italian No. 2 100.0 90 6 0 3 1
The quality of the Float 1 product approaches that of the Italian No. 1 talc, and it
is not unreasonable to. expect that an equivalent grade might be developed after further
investigations.
The products of Test 8, which gave results of the same order as Test Sa were
examined microscopically in considerable detail. Each flotation product was sized on a·
2.00-mesh sieve and the oversize and undersize evaluated. These results are shown in
Table 6.
The data given in Table 6 show that in the Float 1 product the plus 200-mesh talc
is 61 per cent platy talc but the minus 200-mesh talc is 87 per cent platy talc. It is
implied that better over-all results would have been obtained by grinding the Oasis
sample all through 200 mesh before floating. This was not tried, and if necessary it
can be done at a later stage in the program.
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8.
I
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I
I
TABLE 6. RESULTS OF MICROSCOPIC EVALUATION OF FLOTATION
PRODUCTS FROM OASIS TALC, TEST 8
I
I
Mineral Count, Eer cent
Weigh~.
Per Cent
Platy
Talc
Nonplaty
Talc Carbonates Tremolites I
Flotation Feed
-65+2.00 mesh 30 45 45 4-5 4
I
-2.00 mesh 70 49-50 40-43 4-5 3-4
All- 200 mesh( a) 100 48 43 4-5 3-4 I
Float 1
-65+2.00 mesh
-200 m~sh
29
71
61
87
37
10
<1
<1
2
2
I
All- 200 mesh( a}
Float 2
(26. 9) 82 15 <1 2
I
-65+200 mesh
-200 mesh
50
50
24
70
71
2.5
1
Preview
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NO. 247 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 03/17/2023 :I I I "I I "I 1 Battelle has always had a policy that its name and its reports could not be used for advertising, sales promotion, or publicity purposes. Pro- ·J vision has been made for this in all of our research agreements and we have found that our sponsors have respected and accepted this position. This did not, of course, interfere in any way with any ·use the sponsor I might make of the information in the report, as long as our name was not used, nor did it interfere with the use of the report within the sponsor' s organization for conveying information to all of those concerned with the ,.' J · . research project. I We have found on a few occasions that use of our reports in connec- tion w'ith an advertising program has occurred, probably inadvertently, because the individual using the report was unaware of this agreed-upon J provision, even though his company had accepted our agreement. Further·- more, there may be people who see and use our reports with the sponsor's approval who are not necessarily connected ~with the sponsor who had I agreed to our provisions. We may have been remiss in not indicating on our reports the provisions that govern their use. Henceforth, the fo!low- I ing statement will be included with each o£ our research reports, as is shown· on the title page of this report: · I "Battelle is not engaged in research for advertising, sales promotion, or publicity purposes, and this report may I not be reproduced in full or in part for such purposes. 11 I I . I I I ltected Document--Subject to Protective Order JNJNL61_000001344 FILED: ERIE COUNTY CLERK 03/17/2023 08:25 PM INDEX NO. 815818/2020 I NYSCEF DOC. NO. 247 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 03/17/2023 ) Battelle Memorial Institute I 5 0 5 K I N G A V E H U E COLUMBUS I, 0 H I 0 I May 28, 1958 J . ' ··I·· ' I Dr. W. H. Lycan Director of Research Johnson and Johnson ~~ New Brunswick, New Jersey .I Dear Dr. Lycan: We are transmitting herewith six copies of our Progress Report on "The Physical Concentration of Talc Ores -- Flotation", by W. E. Brown, W. L. Smith, and R. D. Macdonald. :1 The data in this report show that it is possible to make from Italian No. 2 grade, I by flotation, a talc product that is superior to the Italian No. 1 grade. We now have enough laboratory data to design either a pilot plant to produce larger quantities of this material for critical evaluation, or a commercial plant to produce a nominal 50 tons of J beneficiated talc per day. I The data in this report indicate that it may be possible to produce a superior talc by flotation from any raw talc which contains an appreciable percentage of platy talc. We do not, however, have enough data as yet to prove this point. Additional experi- .I mental work is required to show whether by flotation one can m~ke an acceptable prod- ll;Ct from other raw materials, such as Indian talc. ~~ After you have reviewed this report, we would be pleased to discuss it with you or to answer any questions which may arise. I Sincerely yours, ~.----- J @t;Y~ 0. F. Tangel, 0hief .1 :' Minerals Beneficiation Division OFT:dpc .I Enc. (6) .I J .,. DEDICATED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE ::;, otected Document--Subject to Protective Order JNJNL61_000001345 FILED: ERIE COUNTY CLERK 03/17/2023 08:25 PM INDEX NO. 815818/2020 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 247 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 03/17/2023 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY. INTRODUCTION .. 3 EXPERIMENTAL WORK 4 Samples Tested . 4 Sample From the Oasis Mine . 5 · Sample From the Stone Creek Mine 9 Italian No. 2 Talc 10 Detailed Flotation Experiments on Italian No. 2 Talc. 11 CONCLUSIONS 15 FUTURE WORK 16 APPENDIX A DETAILS OF FLOTATION WORK A-1 APPENDIX B FROTH FLOTATION B-1 B A T T E L L E MEMORIAL INSTITUTE lotected Document--Subject to Protective Order JNJNL61_000001346 FILED: ERIE COUNTY CLERK 03/17/2023 08:25 PM INDEX NO. 815818/2020 I NYSCEF DOC. NO. 247 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 03/17/2023 I PHYSICAL CONCENTRATION OF TALC ORES- FLOTATION I by I W. E. Brown, W. L. Smith, and R. D. Macdonald I SUMMARY I This report contains data for the physical concentration of talc ores by flotation I methods. Flotation experiments were made on two talc samples from the United States and I one from Italy. Most of the tests were made on the Italian talc because it was consid- ered to be of the most immediate importance. I The principal objective of the program was to obtain a product contai.ning a high percentage of platy talc. The results of the tests show that each of the three different samples can be treated to yield a float product that is significantly improved in its con- I tent of platy talc. Table 1 summarizes the best results obtained and compares the raw flotation feed with the beneficiated product. I Table I shows that both the Oasis and Stone Creek samples were improved in grade. The original Oasis sample contained 48 per cent platy talc and the Float 1 prod- uct contained 8 3 per cent platy talc. The Stone Creek sample contained 30 per cent I platy talc and the Float 1 product contained 85 per cent platy talc. Although these flo- tation products show a substantial improvement in platy-talc content, they lack about I 5 per cent of being equivalent to the 88 to 90 per cent platy-talc content of It.alian No. grade which is currently being used by Johnson and Johnson as the raw material for baby powder. I Although the desired grade of at least 88 to 90 per cent platy talc was not attained on either the Oasis or Stone Creek samples, a substantial improvement was obtained as I the result of relatively few tests. It is expected that a suitable method can be developed, through additional work, to yield a satisfactory product from the Oasis and Stone Creek tales. I Italian No. 2 talc likewise responded favorably to flotation. Two methods were developed which yielded products that contained 96 to 97 per cent platy talc and 2 to 3 I per cent of fibrous talc. Mineralogically, these products are superior to the Italian No. 1 talc which is being used by Johnson and Johnson for baby powder. I The flotation experiments established that the nonplaty talc can be depressed by using the proper amounts of either Dexttin•:c or hydrochloric acid, When Dextrin was used the froth of the float products was very voluminous and persistent which probably I would create handling and filtering problems in full scale operations. When hydro- chloric acid was used the character of the froth appeared normal and rapid filtration I was obtained. • Dextrin is made by the hydrolysis of starch and is manufactured by Clinton Foods Incorporated, under the name of Dextrin 603. I BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE ltected Document--Subject to Protective Order JNJNL61_000001347 FILED: ..,··u 0 NYSCEF fD(> fD ERIE COUNTY CLERK 03/17/2023 08:25 PM DOC. NO. 247 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 03/17/2023 , INDEX NO. 815818/2020 c. c 0 (> c 3(1) :::1 ';'" In c .g (1) g. 6" ..,"tJ 0 fD (> ct. < (1) m ..,0 )> c. .., (1) --4 --4 TABLE 1. SUMMARY OF FLOTATION RESULTS IT1 ,.. ,.. IT1 Weight Per Cent Mineral Count, eer cent Sample Product of Flotation Feed Platy Talc Nonelaty Talc Carbonates Tremolite Effective Reagent E)- 3:: IT1 Oasis Oasis Feed Float 1 100.0 34.6 48 83 43 16 5 <1 4 1 Dextrin 3:: W~oJ· 0 Stone Creek Feed 100.0 30 th 1 2 N ll Stone Creek Float 1 29.9 85 12 1 2 None )> Italian No. 2 Feed 100.0 90 s· 3 1 ,.. Italian No. 2 Float 1 83.9 96 3 <1 <1 Dextrin Italian No. 2 Float 1, 2 82.7 97 2 <1 1 Hydrochloric acid and sea venger Z Italian No. 1 Not treated 100.0 88-90 8"10 <2 Trace Ill -4 Note: Italian No. 1 is included for comparison. c.. z c.. z ,;;~ g ..... 0 w FILED: ERIE COUNTY CLERK 03/17/2023 08:25 PM INDEX NO. 815818/2020 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 247 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 03/17/2023 3 One objection to the use of. Dextrin, other than the unsatisfactory frothing proper- ties, would be the possibility of fungus growth on the talc particles if it were not washed out completely or destroyed by heat during the drying operations. INTRODUCTION Johnson and·Johnson is-interested in a broad program. which includes investigating the important·talc deposits in the world, the measurement of the physical properties of. talc, and the physical benefidation of talc. The purpose of these investigations is to ·insure Johnson and Johtlson of the least expensive and most reliable raw-material source and also to develop methods for further improving the properties of the talc used in baby powder. At present, Johnson and Johnson is obtaining raw material for baby-powder talcum from Italian- deposits. This talc is regarded as very good quality. Some addl.tional im- provement in quality is desirable, however, and may be possible by physical beneficia- tion methods. None of the known domestic talc deposits can compare in quality with the Italian talc, and part of this program is devoted to processing tales from the more suit- able domestic sources in order to obtain a produ~t that is comparable in quality with the Italian tales. This Progress Report discusses information obtained on methods of improving the properties of talc. This work is identified on the over-all program being conducted at Battelle as Phase 3 - Physical Co~centration of Talc Ores. The specific objectives of Phase 3 are: ( 1) To obtain a product which consists essentially of talc platelets ( 2) To reject talc particles which are of a size and shape that create unpleasant dusting while dispensing talc from container a ( 3) To obtain a talc product with an obvious· .sheen in order to convey to the consumer the immediate impression that the talc is of the highest quality. In addition to achieving the foregoing objectives, it is desirable that the finished product will meet the following specifications. Moisture: Not more than 0. 15 per cent. Solubility in Hydrochloric Acid: Not more than 6 per cent. Fineness: Not less than 99.7 per cent through a 100-mesh sieve. Not less than 98. 5 per cent through a ZOO-mesh sieve. Microscopic Structure: ·Shall be platelets, and show no acicular or excessive granular crystals. B A T TE L L E MEMORI~L I. ·N S T. I T U T E fltected DQcument--Subject to Protective Order JNJNL61_000001349 FILED: ERIE COUNTY CLERK 03/17/2023 08:25 PM INDEX NO. 815818/2020 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 247 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 03/17/2023 I 4 I Bulk Density: Not less than 22 nor more than 27 pounds per cubic foot, when test~d by the Scott Volumeter. I In further keeping with the standards of production, it is desirable that the finished talc product have essentially the same whiteness as that currently being marketed by Johnson and Johnson. Another objective is to reduce the alkalinity of the raw material I so that the pH value of a moistened sample will approximate neutrality, or a pH of 7. Products obtained from physical beneficiation experiments can be evaluated by I microscopic examination and other phy.sical measurements. These other physical meas- urements and their meaning are related·.to the properties of an accepted standard talcum product. A Progress Report on "Studies of the Physical.Properties of Talc, Their I Measurement and Comparison", October 15, 1957, by W. L .. Smith, h,as been submitted to Johnson and Johnson On this S\lbject and a Second and summarizing One is in preparation. I The only method of physical beneficiation employed so far has been flotation. This is because one of the outstanding properties of talc, £rom the standpoint of physical I beneficiation, is its natural floatability. This report is composed principally of results from froth-flotation experiments. I For this reason a short discussion ·of the froth-flotation process is included as Appendix B in the hope that it may be helpful in understanding the experiments. I I EXPERIMENTAL WORK I Samples Tested I Three samples from separate sources were used for the beneficiation experiments. Two of these are from the United States and one from Italy. Thef?e ~amples have a wide variety of purity with respect to degree of platiness and the contained impurities, and I probably are typical of what may be expected in talc deposits of .potential interest. Table 2 shows the composition of these samples as determined by microscopic I count. TABLE 2. !vUNERALOGICAL COMPOSITION OF SAMPLES INVESTlGATED I Mineral Count, 2er cent I Nonplaty samele Oasis Mine Plat~ 48 Talc Talc 43 Carbonates 5 Tremolite 4 Grind Minus 65 mesh (dry) I (Nevada) Stone Creek Mine (Montana) 30 67 1 2 l\1inus 65 mesh (dry) I Italian No. 2 90 6 (fibrous) 3 1 Minus 200 mesh (as received) Italian No. 1 88-90 8-10 (fibrous) <7 Trace Minus 200 mesh (as received) I BATTE L.L E M EM 0 .R I A L INSTIT:UTE I Protected Document--Subject to Protective Order JNJNL61_0000011 FILED: ERIE COUNTY CLERK 03/17/2023 08:25 PM INDEX NO. 815818/2020 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 247 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 03/17/2023 ..' I · I 5 ;1..., The mineral count given in Table 2 is made solely on the basis of incidence. No emphasis-is given to the size of the particle encountered in the incidence, so the method of evaluation may at first seem questionable. However, repeated counts made on differ- ent fields of the same sample and different samples of th~ same material give supris- ,. ·I· ingly consistent percentages, and the percentages of carbonate present agree with chemical determinations of acid solubility. Because of this consistency, the method was accepted as sufficiently accurate for rna st of the investigations . .I Particles in Table 2 which are identified as nonplaty talc may be composed of I. acicular, fibrous, granular, or cryptocrystalline aggregates of tiny platelets which resemble granules. · I Nonplaty talc contained in the Italian samples is mostly fibrous or ·acicular in form. It is difficult to distinguish acicular talc from remnants of platelets and tremo- lite'in sizes smaller than 10 microns. 'I.~' ''· Table 2 includes, for comparison, the composition of the Italian No. 1 grade which is the raw material currently used in Johnson and Johnson baby powder. The I mineralogical difference between the No. 1 and No. 2 grades is almost insignificant. Italian No. 1 talc, however, costs several dollars more per ton. The Oasis and Stone Creek Mine samples were selected to determine whether talc of a low platy content I could be improved sufficiently to compare favorably with the Italian talc and, if so, what recovery might reasonably be expected. Data on the beneficiation of various tales would provide information that would permit an estimate of the tonnage of material I necessary to supply the production requirements of Johnson and Johnson. Information could also be developed for the probable cost of beneficiation. I Ten exploratory experiments were made to observe the general response of the I' minerals during flotation and to learn the relative complexity of the problem. The sum- marized results of these experiments were contained in our letter report of January 24, . 1958, to Dr. W. H. Lycan . I· Sample From the Oasis Mine I The Oasis Mine sample came from Nevada and was supplied by the Sierra Talc and Clay Company. This material was available because it had been previously investi- gated by J?attelle{ l) for Johnson and Johnson as a potential raw talc source. The mate- I ria·! on hand had been roll-crushed and then ground in a disc pulverizer through 65 mesh. This sample, which contained about 48 per cent platy talc and 43 per cent granular I talc, was selected for part of the investigation specifically because of its intermediate platy-talc content. It was believed that any significant improvement made on the ore would be more readily detected on low-grade materials than on high-grade materials. I . Table 3 shows the flotation results obtained from five tests made on the Oasis sample and Table 4 gives the test operating conditions. I The results given in Tables 3 and 4 show that the Oasis talc in Test 1 was floated I without any reagents and the platiness of the talc was increased from 48 per cent to 77 per cent. This definitely establishes that platy talc is more readily floated than granular (1) Battelle Summary Report, February 29, 1956. I B A T T E L L E M E M ·oR I A L INSTITUTE .,tected Document--Subject to Protective Order JNJNL61_000001351 FILED: ERIE COUNTY CLERK 03/17/2023 08:25 PM INDEX NO. 815818/2020 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 247 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 03/17/2023 6 TABLE 3. SUMMARY OF FLOTATION RESULTS ON OASIS TALC SAMPLE (MINUS 65 MESH) Weight Aeeroximate Mineral Count, eer cent Reagents Test Product Per Cent Platl Noneiatl Carbonates Tremolite Used 1 Float 1 32.2 77 20 1 3 None Float 2 27.0 45 50 2 3 Dowfroth 200 2 Float 1 32.4 75 24 <1 <1 None Float 2 36,4 45 45 10 Dowfroth 200 3 Cleaner 31.6 80 18 1 1 Dowfroth 200 float Sa Float 1 34.6 83 16 <1 1 Dextrin I~ ., 8 Float 1 Float 2 26.9 56.3 82 60 15 35 1 1 2 4 Dextrin ll Flotation feed 100.0 48 43 5 4 I.' TABLE 4. TEST CONDITIONS USED TO OBTAIN RESULTS ON OASIS TALC SA!v!PLE Reagent, pound Time, minutes Pulp Per Cent Solids per ton of Test Product Wetting Conditioning Floating eH in Feed flotation feed 1 Float 1 Float 2 10 0 0 0 5 5 8.6 13.0 None Dowfroth 200, 0.17 I~ 2 Float 1 Float 2 10 0 0 0 5 5 8.6 6.8 None Dowfroth 200. 0.34 I 3 Cleaner float 2 10 5 9.0 None I· ' 5a 8 Float 1 Float 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 8.6 8.6 13,0 13.0 Dextrin, 0, 54 Dextrin, 0, 94 1: I. 1 I· I BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE I Protected Document--Subject to Protective Order JNJNL61_0000011· FILED: ERIE COUNTY CLERK 03/17/2023 08:25 PM INDEX NO. 815818/2020 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 247 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 03/17/2023 7 talc. The only requirement was agitation and aeration of the pulp. Additional recovery of talc was obtained by using Dowfroth 200 (a frothing and collecting reagent for talc) but the float product was essentially the same quality as the feed. Carbonates in the Float 1 product were reduced from 5 per cent to 1 per cent or less. Tremolite was more difficult to reject although less than 1 per cent was observed in the Float 1 product of Test 2. Tremolite rejection was accomplished by reducing the per cent solids in the flotation feed from 13 per cent to 6. 8 per cent. Test 3 was made by refloating th~ com- bined Float 1 and Float 2 products of Test 1. This yielded a product which was 80 per cent platy talc and contained 31. 6 per cent of the original feed weight. Because pla'ty talc is more readily floated than nonplaty talc, it was believed that the addition of a talc depressant s\ich as Dextrin might have a selective depressing action on the nonplaty talc forms which had appeared in the Float 1 products. Dextrin was used in Tests Sa and 8, and the results show that Dextrin in the amount of 0. 54 pound per ton of flotation-feed solids was effective and helped to produce a Float 1 prod- uct that was about 83 per cent platy talc .. Dextrin in this amount appeared to be effective in causing a small increase in recovery. In Test 8, the Dextrin added was increased to 0. 94 pound per ton of flotation-feed solids. The quality of the Float 1 product was es- sentially the same as in Test Sa, but the weight recovery decreased to 26. 9 per cent compared with 34. 6 per cent when the lesser amount of Dextrin was used. The results of the five test~ on the Oasis talc show that although none of the prod- ucts obtained were mineralogically equivalent to the Italian talc, substantial improve- ment had been obtained. The best results were obtained from Test Sa which yielded a product containing 83 per cent platy talc. A comparison of the Oasis Float 1 product with the Italian samples is given in Table 5. TABLE 5. COMPARISON OF OASIS FLOAT 1 WITH ITALIAN NO. 1 AND NO. 2 TALCS Mineral Count, Eer cent Weight Platy Fibrous Granular Per Cent Talc Talc Talc Carbonates Tremolite Test Sa, Float 1 34.6 83 2 14 <1 1 Italian No. 1 100.0 88-90 8~10 0 <2 Trace Italian No. 2 100.0 90 6 0 3 1 The quality of the Float 1 product approaches that of the Italian No. 1 talc, and it is not unreasonable to. expect that an equivalent grade might be developed after further investigations. The products of Test 8, which gave results of the same order as Test Sa were examined microscopically in considerable detail. Each flotation product was sized on a· 2.00-mesh sieve and the oversize and undersize evaluated. These results are shown in Table 6. The data given in Table 6 show that in the Float 1 product the plus 200-mesh talc is 61 per cent platy talc but the minus 200-mesh talc is 87 per cent platy talc. It is implied that better over-all results would have been obtained by grinding the Oasis sample all through 200 mesh before floating. This was not tried, and if necessary it can be done at a later stage in the program. S A T T E L L E MEMORIAL INSTIT.UTE :·lotected Document--Subject to Protective Order JNJNL61_000001353 FILED: ERIE COUNTY CLERK 03/17/2023 08:25 PM INDEX NO. 815818/2020 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 247 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 03/17/2023 I~ 8. I I I I TABLE 6. RESULTS OF MICROSCOPIC EVALUATION OF FLOTATION PRODUCTS FROM OASIS TALC, TEST 8 I I Mineral Count, Eer cent Weigh~. Per Cent Platy Talc Nonplaty Talc Carbonates Tremolites I Flotation Feed -65+2.00 mesh 30 45 45 4-5 4 I -2.00 mesh 70 49-50 40-43 4-5 3-4 All- 200 mesh( a) 100 48 43 4-5 3-4 I Float 1 -65+2.00 mesh -200 m~sh 29 71 61 87 37 10 <1 <1 2 2 I All- 200 mesh( a} Float 2 (26. 9) 82 15 <1 2 I -65+200 mesh -200 mesh 50 50 24 70 71 2.5 1