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FILED
1/5/2023 4:21 PM
FELICIA PITRE
DISTRICT CLERK
DALLAS CO., TEXAS
Dorothy Strogen DEPUTY
CAUSE NO. DC-21-06850
MARCUS RICHARDSON, § IN THE DISTRICT COURT
Plaintiff, §
§
V. § DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS
§
JANET EZELL NARAMORE, §
Defendant. § 192M) JUDICIAL DISTRICT
DEFENDANT’S MOTION IN LIMINE
TO THE HONORABLE JUDGE OF SAID COURT:
COME NOW, Defendant Janet Ezell Naramore (“Defendant”) and files this Motion in
Limine and would respectfully show the Court as follows:
I.
Defendant moves the Court for an Order, prior to the voir dire examination of the jury
panel, Plaintiff Marcus Richardson (“Plaintiff”), his attorneys and representatives, and all
witnesses called on behalf of Plaintiff to refrain from any mention or interrogation, directly or
indirectly, in any manner whatsoever, including the offering of documentary evidence, concerning
the matters set forth herein in Exhibit “A.” If Plaintiff’s attorney wishes to propose a theory of
admissibility concerning these matters, Defendant requests the Court to order that Plaintiff’s
attorney first request a ruling from the Court outside the presence and hearing of all prospective
jurors and jurors ultimately selected in this cause.
II.
The matters set forth in Exhibit “A” attached hereto and incorporated herein by reference,
are not admissible in evidence for any purpose and have no bearing on the issues in controversy
herein or the rights of the parties in this case, or constitute matters as to which the probative value
DEFENDANT’S MOTION IN LIMINE - PAGE 1 0F 12
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is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or
misleading the jury.
III.
If Plaintiff or his attorneys introduce information concerning such matters into the trial of
this case through their own testimony, remarks, or exhibits, or through the remarks or testimony
of their witnesses, irreparable harm will be caused to the Defendant’s presentation of her case and
ability to obtain a fair trial, which no instruction by the Court would cure. Therefore, should any
of such matters be brought to the attention of the jury, directly or indirectly, Defendant would be
compelled to file a motion for mistrial.
IV.
In an effort to avoid such prejudice and possible mistrial, Defendant requests that the Court,
by entering the Order attached hereto as Exhibit “B”, prohibit Plaintiff and his counsel from
offering any of such evidence without first asking consent to approach the bench, and requesting
from the Court, out of the presence of the jury, a ruling on the admissibility thereof.
PRAYER
WHEREFORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, the Defendant requests that this Motion
in Limine be granted and that the Court sign and enter the Order attached hereto as Exhibit “B”
consistent with this Motion.
DEFENDANT’S MOTION IN LIMINE - PAGE 2 0F 12
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Respectfully submitted,
By (7wa
DAVID J. MgirziER
Texas Bar No.13982550
dmetzler@cowlesthompson.com
COWLES & THOMPSON, P.C.
901 Main Street, Suite 3900
Dallas, Texas 75202-3746
(214) 672-2000 (Telephone)
(214) 672-2020 (Telecopier)
ATTORNEY FOR DEFENDANT
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that on this the 5th day of January 2023, a true and correct copy of the
foregoing document was delivered Via e-filing to all counsel of record.
(1224,00 H5:
Dxym J. Myrz JER
DEFENDANT’S MOTION IN LIMINE - PAGE 3 0F 12
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EXHIBIT “A”
1.
Insurance Coverage
The fact that Defendant is or is not covered by some form of liability insurance with respect
to the incident in question, for the reason that such fact is entirely immaterial to any issue in this
cause, and any mention or inference thereof, directly or indirectly, would be extremely harmful
and prejudicial to Defendant. TEX. R. EVID. 411; Texas Company v. Betterton, 88 S.W.2d 1039
(Tex. 1936); Paige v. Thomas, 71 S.W.2d 234 (Tex. 1934).
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
2.
Improperly Disclosed Experts:
Expert testimony regarding issues and areas outside of the expert’s designation.
Any testimony by experts designated by Plaintiff that concerns issues and areas not
included in Plaintiff” s expert designation.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
3.
Undesignated Experts:
Experts not timely or adequately designated.
Offering expert testimony through any witness not timely or adequately designated as an
expert Witness in response to interrogatories, requests for disclosure, or other discovery requests.
TEX. R. CIV. P. 194.2; VingCara’ A.S. v. Merrimac Hospitality Sys., 59 S.W.3d 847, 855-56 (Tex.
App .—Fort Worth 2001, pet. denied).
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
DEFENDANT’S MOTION IN LIMINE - PAGE 4 0F 12
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4.
Absent Witnesses
Evidence, statements, or questions regarding the probable testimony, observations, or
opinions of a witness who is absent, unavailable, or not called to testify at trial, as well as any
statements or questions regarding the reason why any witness or party is absent, unavailable, or
not called to testify at trial.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
5.
Unidentified Witnesses
Testimony by any fact or expert witness not timely or properly identified by Plaintiff in
response to discovery requests. TEX. R. CIV. P. 193.6.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
6.
Expert Reports
Any reference to the report of any expert witness, other than for impeachment of such
expert, for the reason such would constitute hearsay, for which no exception exists. TEX. R. CIV.
P. 801, 802, 803, 804.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
7.
Undisclosed Evidence:
Undisclosed witnesses, tangible evidence, material or information
responsive to discovery requests.
Presenting undisclosed witnesses, tangible evidence, material, or information, which is
responsive to any of Defendant’s discovery requests, and which was not disclosed to Defendant at
least thirty days before trial, except for rebuttal witnesses. TEX. R. CIV. P. 193.5, 193.6 & 196.
The remedy of exclusion is “mandatory and automatic unless the court finds there was good cause
for the failure to amend or supplement, or the failure will not unfairly surprise or prejudice the
other party.” Pilgrim ’s Pride Corp. v. Smoak, 134 S. W.3d 880, 902 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2004,
pet. denied); TEX. R. CIV. P. 193.6; Morrow v. H.E.B., Ina, 714 S.W.2d 297, 297-98 (Tex. 1986).
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
DEFENDANT’S MOTION IN LIMINE - PAGE 5 0F 12
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8.
Undisclosed Evidence:
Undisclosed information related to matters not pleaded or disclosed.
Any attempt by Plaintiff to mention anything which would relate to any cause of action,
affirmative defense, or element of damages not alleged in the Plaintiff’ s pleadings and/or properly
disclosed in discovery. TEX. R. CIV. P. 215.2.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
9.
Undisclosed Evidence:
Undisclosed exhibits not previously shown to Defendant’s counsel.
Offering into evidence any exhibit, displaying any exhibit, or otherwise disclosing to the
Court the existence of any exhibit which has not previously been shown to Defendant’s counsel.
TEX. R. EVID. 103.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
10.
Undisclosed Evidence:
Undisclosed or untimely summaries or demonstrative aids
Offering any exhibit purportedly summarizing, analyzing, containing, or interpreting data
contained in documents not timely produced by Plaintiff in response to discovery requests from
Defendant.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
11.
Undisclosed Evidence:
Exhibits not timely designated as a trial exhibit
Referring to any photograph, document or other tangible evidence that has not been timely
designated as a trial exhibit.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
DEFENDANT’S MOTION IN LIMINE - PAGE 6 0F 12
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12.
Undisclosed Mental Impressions & Opinions
Undisclosed mental impressions and opinions held by, and facts made known to, any of
Plaintiff‘s expert witness: Evidence, statements, or questions regarding mental impressions and
opinions held by, or facts made known to, Plaintiff’s expert witnesses that were not timely or
properly disclosed to Defendant in response to discovery requests. TEX. R. CIV. P. 193.6.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
13.
Undisclosed Damages
Any evidence of Plaintiff s damages which has not been timely supplied in response to
outstanding discovery. This includes requests to the Court or jury for damages or moneys not
identified or fully disclosed in response to Plaintiff’s Request for Production, Interrogatories or
Request for Disclosure from Defendant which seeks disclosure of such information. TEXAS RULES
0F CIVIL PROCEDURE 193.6 and 215(5).
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
14.
Paid v. Incurred Damages
Plaintiff‘s offering of any medical expenses that are outside of the expenses for which a
medical provider has a legal right to be paid. Evidence related to medical charges that a medical
provider is not entitled to be paid is irrelevant to the issue of damages. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM.
§ 41.0105; Haygood v. De Escabedo, 356 S.W.3d 390, 397-99 (Tex. 2011).
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
DEFENDANT’S MOTION IN LIMINE - PAGE 7 0F 12
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15.
Failure to Supplement Discovery
Evidence not timely or properly produced or supplemented by Plaintiff’s in response to
Plaintiffs discovery requests. Ticor Title Ins. Co. v. J. H. Lacy, 803 S.W.2d 265 (Tex. 1991);
Smith v. Christley, 755 S.W.2d 525 (Tex. App—Houston [14th Dist] 1988, writ denied).
Plaintiff should be refiained from disclosing any evidence, bills or invoices evidencing any
damages associated with Texas Regional Clinic, Texas Health Family Care & Texas Health
Physicians Group, medical expenses in the future, loss of earnings in the future, loss of earning
capacity in the past, loss of earning capacity in the future or loss of use of the vehicle that were not
fully disclosed, nor supplemented, in Plaintiffs Responses to Defendant’s Request for Disclosure.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
16.
Medical Records and Billing Records
Plaintiff’ s offerings of any medical records and/or billing records not supported by a proper
and timely disclosed affidavit as provided by the TEX. CIV. PRAC & REM CODE § 18.001. This
includes, but is not limited to, medical and billing records associated with Texas Regional Clinic,
Texas Health Family Care & Texas Health Physicians Group.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
17.
Charts & Summaries
Plaintiffs offering of charts, summaries or calculations relating to damages that are not
supported by the proper predicate and Where the underlying records have not been made available
to Defendant for inspection. TEX. R. EVID. 1006; Aquamarine Assoc. v. Burton Shipyard, Inc.,
659 S.W.2d 820, 821 (Tex. 1983); Welder v. Welder, 794 S.W.2d 420, 429 (Tex.App.—Corpus
Christi 1990, no writ).
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
18.
Matters Not Properly Pleaded
Any reference to any alleged act or omission of Defendant, other than those in support of
allegations of acts or omissions specifically pleaded in Plaintiff s most recent petition. Defendant
specifically objects to the trying of any such allegations by consent. Any references to such alleged
DEFENDANT’S MOTION IN LIMINE - PAGE 8 0F 12
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acts or omissions have not been timely disclosed to Defendant by proper pleading and therefore
are prejudicial to Defendant in that they would deny Defendant a reasonable opportunity to
respond to same.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
19.
Matters of Law
Any statement of the law other than that regarding the burden of proof and the basic legal
definitions counsel believes to be applicable prior to the Court’s ruling on the law applicable to
this case.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
21.
Verdicts in Similar Cases
Evidence, statements, or questions regarding jury verdicts, monetary settlements, or other
resolutions of claims or lawsuits with facts and legal claims similar to those at issue in this lawsuit.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
22.
Request for Stipulation in Jury Presence
Requesting Defendant or Defendant’s attorney to stipulate to either the admissibility of any
evidence or stipulate to any facts or matters in front of the jury. TEX. R. EVID. 401-403.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
23.
Questioning Attorneys
Asking questions to opposing counsel in front of the jury. TEX. R. EVID. 401-403.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
24.
DEFENDANT’S MOTION IN LIMINE - PAGE 9 0F 12
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Counsel's Personal Opinions
From Plaintiff’s counsel expressing any personal opinions or beliefs regarding the case or
a testifying witness or the subject matter of the lawsuit because such reference is unfair, irrelevant,
and highly prejudicial. TEX. R. EVID. 401-403.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
25.
Defendant’s Responsibility to Pay Judgment
From making any statement or inference that Defendant would not be financially
responsible for the judgment in the event of an adverse verdict. TEX. R. EVID. 411.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
26.
Expenses of Plaintiff
From offering evidence or referencing the costs, expenses or fees incurred by Plaintiff in
connection with the actual bringing and prosecuting of this lawsuit for the reason that such is not
an element of damage in this case, and as such is irrelevant, immaterial, and more prejudicial than
probative. TEX. R. EVID. 401 -403.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
27.
Economic Loss
From discussing or presenting any evidence or documentation of past and future damages
that have not been disclosed in response to outstanding discovery and the rules of disclosure set
forth in the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
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28.
Counsel’s Litigation Strategy
Argument or evidence related to the attorneys’ defense strategy, or the timing of same, is
irrelevant to any issues before the jury, non-probative, and unfairly prejudicial. TEX. R. EVID. 401 -
403.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
29.
Settlement Offers and/0r Negotiations
Attempts to compromise or settle the case: Evidence, statements, or questions regarding
any informal negotiations or more formal mediations involving attempts to compromise or settle
the case, including, but not limited to, whether the parties actually engaged in such negotiations
and mediations, and the amounts offered and/or rejected by any party in such negotiations or
mediations. Such are irrelevant. TEX. R. EVID. 408.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
30.
References to Motion in Limine
Stating that this motion has been filed, or any ruling by the Court in response to this motion,
suggesting or inferring to the Jury that Defendant has moved to prohibit proof or that the Court
has excluded proof of any matter.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
31.
Answer Damage Issue “Regardless Who Pays”
From interrogating any member of the venire as to Whether they would answer an issue on
damages in accordance with the evidence, regardless of who pays the damages or when they will
be paid, or whether they will ever be paid, or any similar version of such inquiry, for the reason
that the same improperly injects the implication of insurance and wealth into the suit, and
Defendant further moves the Court to instruct counsel not to make any such reference in jury
argument of similar import. See Grzffith v. Castell, 313 S.W.2d 149 (Tex. Civ. App—Houston
1958, writ ref’d n.r.e.); Hurley v. McMillan, 268 S.W.2d 229 (Tex. Civ. App—Galveston 1954,
writ ref’ d n.r.e.); Ulmer v. Mackey, 242 S.W.2d 679 (Tex. Civ. App—Fort Worth 1951, writ ref‘d
n.r.e.).
DEFENDANT’S MOTION IN LIMINE - PAGE 11 0F 12
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AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
32.
Improper and Prejudicial Arguments:
Asking for juror to put themselves in Plaintiff’s place
Presenting any argument or asking the jurors to place themselves in the position of the
Plaintiff, since such arguments are not based on evidence to be considered by the jury and such
arguments constitute an improper appeal to passions and sympathies. Rojas v. Richardson, 703
F.2d 186, 191 (5th Cir. 1983); Lone Star Ford, Inc. v. Carter, 848 S.W.2d 850 (Tex. App. -
Houston [14th Dist.] 1993, n.w.h.); Gulf Colorado & Santa Fe Railway C0. v. Hampton, 358
S.W.2d 690 (Tex. Civ. App. Eastland 1962, writ ref’ d n.r.e.).
--
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
33.
Attorney/Client Privileges
Communications between Defendant and Defendant’s attorneys: Evidence, statements, or
questions regarding communications between Defendant and Defendant’s attorneys. Such are
privileged. TEX. R. EVID. 503, 513.
AGREED SUSTAINED OVERRULED MODIFIED
SIGNED this day of , 2022.
JUDGE PRESIDING
DEFENDANT’S MOTION IN LIMINE - PAGE 12 0F 12
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Automated Certificate of eService
This automated certificate of service was created by the efiling system.
The filer served this document via email generated by the efiling system
on the date and to the persons listed below. The rules governing
certificates of service have not changed. Filers must still provide a
certificate of service that complies with all applicable rules.
Marlene Merritt on behalf of David Metzler
Bar No. 13982550
mmerritt@cowlesthompson.com
Envelope ID: 71532225
Status as of 1/5/2023 4:40 PM CST
Associated Case Party: MARCUS RICHARDSON
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Marlene Merritt mmerritt@cowlesthompson.com 1/5/2023 4:21:08 PM SENT
Associated Case Party: JANETEZELLNARAMORE
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