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  • Hsbc Bank Usa, National Association, In Its Capacity As Trustee Of Nomura Home Equity Loan, Inc., Asset Backed Certificates, Series 2007-2 v. Nomura Credit & Capital, Inc. Commercial Division document preview
  • Hsbc Bank Usa, National Association, In Its Capacity As Trustee Of Nomura Home Equity Loan, Inc., Asset Backed Certificates, Series 2007-2 v. Nomura Credit & Capital, Inc. Commercial Division document preview
  • Hsbc Bank Usa, National Association, In Its Capacity As Trustee Of Nomura Home Equity Loan, Inc., Asset Backed Certificates, Series 2007-2 v. Nomura Credit & Capital, Inc. Commercial Division document preview
  • Hsbc Bank Usa, National Association, In Its Capacity As Trustee Of Nomura Home Equity Loan, Inc., Asset Backed Certificates, Series 2007-2 v. Nomura Credit & Capital, Inc. Commercial Division document preview
  • Hsbc Bank Usa, National Association, In Its Capacity As Trustee Of Nomura Home Equity Loan, Inc., Asset Backed Certificates, Series 2007-2 v. Nomura Credit & Capital, Inc. Commercial Division document preview
  • Hsbc Bank Usa, National Association, In Its Capacity As Trustee Of Nomura Home Equity Loan, Inc., Asset Backed Certificates, Series 2007-2 v. Nomura Credit & Capital, Inc. Commercial Division document preview
  • Hsbc Bank Usa, National Association, In Its Capacity As Trustee Of Nomura Home Equity Loan, Inc., Asset Backed Certificates, Series 2007-2 v. Nomura Credit & Capital, Inc. Commercial Division document preview
  • Hsbc Bank Usa, National Association, In Its Capacity As Trustee Of Nomura Home Equity Loan, Inc., Asset Backed Certificates, Series 2007-2 v. Nomura Credit & Capital, Inc. Commercial Division document preview
						
                                

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FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 08/04/2022 12:56 PM INDEX NO. 650337/2013 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1833 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 08/04/2022 Cooper 2006-FM2 Report FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 08/04/2022 12:56 PM INDEX NO. 650337/2013 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1833 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 08/04/2022 Tel: 703-893-0600 8401 Greensboro Drive, Suite 800 Fax: 703-893-2766 McLean, VA 22102 www.bdo.com SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK COUNTY OF NEW YORK NOMURA HOME EQUITY LOAN, INC., SERIES 2006-FM2, pursuant to a Pooling and Servicing Index No. 653783/2012 Agreement, dated as of October 1, 2006, by HSBC BANK USA, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, solely in IAS Part 60 its capacity as the Trustee, Justice Marcy S. Friedman Plaintiff, -against- NOMURA CREDIT & CAPITAL, INC., Defendant. NOMURA CREDIT & CAPITAL, INC., Third-Party Plaintiff, Third Party Index No. -against- 595352/2014 WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A. and OCWEN LOAN SERVICING, LLC, Third-Party Defendants. Expert Report of Thomas D. Cooper, CPA BDO USA, LLP January 8, 2020 HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 08/04/2022 12:56 PM INDEX NO. 650337/2013 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1833 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 08/04/2022 Table of Contents I. SUMMARY OF QUALIFICATIONS ........................................................................................... 3 II. SCOPE OF ENGAGEMENT ........................................................................................................ 4 III. SUMMARY OPINION .................................................................................................................. 8 IV. BACKGROUND.......................................................................................................................... 10 A. The Mortgage Loans In The NHELI 2006-FM2 Trust .................................................................. 10 B. The Relevant Provisions Of The PSA ............................................................................................ 10 V. WARREN’S ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................ 14 VI. WARREN’S ANALYSIS IS UNRELIABLE.............................................................................. 19 A. If Nomura Provided Ocwen And Wells Fargo With Prompt Notice, They Would Have Earned Less Compensation Than They In Fact Earned .................................. 19 B. Warren Improperly Includes Mortgage Loans In His Damages Calculation That Were Active ............................................................................. 20 C. Warren Erroneously Includes Mortgage Loans In His Damages Calculation That Were Never Serviced by Ocwen ......................................................... 21 D. Warren’s Reliance On Snow’s Sampling Is Fundamentally Flawed ............................................. 22 E. Warren Failed To Account For Ocwen’s Additional Servicing Compensation ............................. 25 F. Warren Failed To Properly Account For The Costs Associated With The Servicing Of The Mortgage Loans .............................................................. 35 G. Warren’s Conclusion That Ocwen Would Have Earned An 18% Yield Is Unsupportable .......... 36 VII. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................ 39 APPENDIX A --- EXPERIENCE & QUALIFICATIONS 2 FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 08/04/2022 12:56 PM INDEX NO. 650337/2013 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1833 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 08/04/2022 I. SUMMARY OF QUALIFICATIONS 1. I am a Managing Director and Atlantic Lead for BDO USA, LLP (“BDO”)1 Forensic Accounting and Investigation’s practice. I received a Bachelor of Science degree in Economics as well as Accounting from Purdue University. I have also received my Master of Business Administration from the University of Notre Dame. I am a licensed CPA in the state of Virginia. 2. I have over 20 years of experience in the financial services industry, providing accounting, auditing, business advisory, and litigation support services. As a Managing Director, I oversee engagements involving securities litigation, regulatory compliance reviews, and monitorships. I have also led financial statement audits for mortgage companies such as, but not limited to, Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis, Northern Trust, Irwin Mortgage, and Bank One. I served as the lead Director drafting new mortgage servicing standards for the Monitor of the National Mortgage Settlement, who oversaw the nation’s largest banks/mortgage servicers’ compliance with the new standards for mortgage servicing, including loan modifications for distressed borrowers. In addition, I was the lead advisor assisting the monitors overseeing residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) settlements for Bank of America, Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs, and the Royal Bank of Scotland. Prior to joining BDO’s Forensic Accounting and Investigations practice, I was a Director in BDO’s assurance practice where, for approximately five years, I assisted the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) in 1 BDO is a national professional services firm providing assurance, tax, and advisory services to private and publicly- traded businesses. 3 FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 08/04/2022 12:56 PM INDEX NO. 650337/2013 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1833 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 08/04/2022 performing mortgage servicing compliance reviews related to their Shared Loss Agreements. 3. Prior to joining BDO, I was a consulting Senior Manager with Ernst & Young and an assurance Manager with PriceWaterhouseCoopers. I have also been employed as an Internal Audit Vice President at Fannie Mae where I was responsible for the audit of the accounting, capital markets, financial models, and various risk groups. In addition, I held an officer level position at Sallie Mae, where I oversaw the loan reporting and the analysis group responsible for the allowance for loan loss, analysis of loan servicing operations, and calculation of net interest margins. A copy of my curriculum vitae is attached to this report as Appendix A. II. SCOPE OF ENGAGEMENT 4. I have been retained through BDO by Constantine Cannon LLP (“Counsel”), Counsel for the Defendant and Third-Party Plaintiff, Nomura Credit & Capital, Inc. (“Nomura”) to provide expert testimony in connection with litigation involving HSBC Bank USA, National Association (“HSBC” or the “Trustee”), Nomura, Ocwen Loan Servicing, LLC (“Ocwen” or the “Servicer”),2 and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (“Wells Fargo” or the “Master Servicer”). 5. HSBC, in its capacity as Trustee for the Nomura Home Equity Loan, Inc. (“NHELI”) Asset-Backed Certificates, Series 2006-FM2 (“NHELI 2006-FM2 Trust” or the “Trust”) brought the instant action against Nomura (the “First-Party Action”). Nomura served as the “sponsor” of a residential mortgage-backed securitization through which the Trust was created. In that role, Nomura purchased and aggregated 2 “Ocwen” is also used to refer to Ocwen Financial Corporation. Ocwen Loan Servicing, LLC is an operating company of Ocwen Financial Corporation. See, e.g., Ocwen 2006 Form 10-K at Ex. 21.0. 4 FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 08/04/2022 12:56 PM INDEX NO. 650337/2013 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1833 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 08/04/2022 mortgage loans originated by third-party originators that were ultimately deposited into the Trust. The Trust initially contained 5,714 conventional, one-to-four family fixed and adjustable rate Mortgage Loans secured by first or second liens on residential real properties (the “Mortgage Loans”). 6. As is common in RMBS securitizations, the Trust issued “certificates,” which were offered to investors. Certificateholders received distributions derived from principal and interest collected in connection with the Mortgage Loans. 7. The securitization transaction was governed by two contracts: (i) the Pooling and Servicing Agreement, among NHELI, Nomura, Equity One, Inc. (“Equity One” or, together with Ocwen, the “Servicers”), Wells Fargo, and HSBC, dated as of October 1, 2006 (the “PSA”); and (ii) the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreement, between Nomura and NHELI, dated October 31, 2006 (the “MLPA”). 8. In the MLPA, Nomura made certain representations and warranties regarding specific characteristics of the Mortgage Loans (the “Representations”). In the First-Party Action, the Trustee alleges that some of the Mortgage Loans in the Trust did not comply with certain of those Representations.3 9. Nomura commenced a related third-party action against Ocwen and Wells Fargo, in their respective roles as Servicer and Master Servicer for the Mortgage Loans in the Trust (the “Third-Party Action”).4 In the Third-Party Action, Nomura alleges, inter alia, that Ocwen and Wells Fargo breached their obligations under the PSA by (i) failing to provide prompt written notice to Nomura upon discovery of breaches of Representations that materially and adversely affected the interests of the 3 See Amended First-Party Complaint, dated November 26, 2019. 4 See Third-Party Complaint, dated August 26, 2014 (“Third-Party Complaint”). 5 FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 08/04/2022 12:56 PM INDEX NO. 650337/2013 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1833 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 08/04/2022 Certificateholders; and (ii) failing to service and administer the Mortgage Loans in the Trust in the best interest of and for the benefit of the Certificateholders in accordance with PSA.5 10. Ocwen and Wells Fargo asserted counterclaims against Nomura in the Third-Party Action alleging that Nomura breached its obligation to notify them that certain of the Mortgage Loans did not comply with the Representations.6 Ocwen and Wells Fargo further allege that they “suffered damages” as a result.7 And, in its counterclaims, Wells Fargo alleges that Nomura’s purported failure to notify “reduced the compensation that Wells Fargo would have received but for Nomura’s failure to comply with its obligation to notify Wells Fargo.”8 11. In an effort to quantify their alleged damages, Ocwen and Wells Fargo retained Samuel Warren (“Warren”) to analyze “whether and to what extent Ocwen and Wells Fargo, in their respective roles as Servicer and Master Servicer, suffered losses resulting from the underperformance of the Mortgage Loans in the Allegedly Breaching Loan Population.”9 12. The “Allegedly Breaching Loan Population” was identified by the following experts engaged by HSBC: Robert W. Hunter (“Hunter”), John A. Kilpatrick, Ph.D. 5 See Third-Party Complaint, ¶¶ 43-67. 6 See Ocwen Answer, Affirmative Defenses, and Counterclaims, dated August 3, 2018 (“Ocwen Counterclaims”), ¶¶ 31-38; Wells Fargo Answer and Affirmative Defenses to Third-Party Complaint and Counterclaims, dated August 3, 2018 (“Wells Fargo Counterclaims”), ¶¶ 27-34. 7 Ocwen Counterclaims, ¶ 37; Wells Fargo Counterclaims, ¶ 33. Both Ocwen and Wells Fargo have also asserted a Cause of Action for declaratory relief against Nomura requesting “that the Court enter an order declaring that Nomura is barred from obtaining the reliefsought from” Ocwen and Wells Fargo to the extent of Nomura’s purported failure to provide Ocwen and Wells Fargo “with notice as provided for by the PSA.” Ocwen Counterclaims, ¶ 41; Wells Fargo Counterclaims, ¶ 37. 8 Wells Fargo Counterclaims, ¶ 33. 9 See Expert Report of Samuel Warren, dated July 8, 2019 (“Warren Report”), ¶ 11. 6 FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 08/04/2022 12:56 PM INDEX NO. 650337/2013 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1833 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 08/04/2022 (“Kilpatrick”), Peter D. Rubinstein, Ph.D. (“Rubinstein”), and Karl N. Snow, Ph.D. (“Snow”).10 Warren extrapolated his conclusions regarding the Allegedly Breaching Loan Population to the “Extrapolated Allegedly Breaching Loan Population.”11 13. I have been retained by Counsel for Nomura to evaluate the opinions asserted by Warren with respect to the alleged losses Ocwen and Wells Fargo incurred as a result of Nomura’s purported failure to provide them with notice that certain of the Mortgage Loans breached the Representations.12 My report does not assume or accept the assumption that Nomura breached its Representations, nor am I opining with respect to any of the opinions offered by the other HSBC experts designated in the First-Party Action. It is my understanding that Nomura objects to the opinions offered in the reports of each of HSBC’s experts and Nomura’s other experts have and/or will be addressing the opinions contained therein. 14. My work has been performed in accordance with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants consulting standards.13 15. This report was prepared by me, supported by BDO personnel and Covius Real Estate Services working under my supervision and direction. It sets forth my opinions and conclusions in this matter based on the information available to me through the date of this report. 16. BDO is being compensated for the time that I spend working on this matter at a billing rate of $650 per hour plus reasonable out-of-pocket costs incurred. BDO is also being compensated for the services of its professional staff at billing rates ranging from 10 See Warren Report, ¶¶ 4-8. 11 Warren Report, ¶ 26; see also Warren Report, ¶¶ 30, 32-34, 36-37, 40-47, 56-57. 12 See Ocwen Counterclaims, ¶¶ 31-38; Wells Fargo Counterclaims, ¶¶ 27-34. 13 I have not been retained to perform an audit, review, or compilation of any financial statements. 7 FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 08/04/2022 12:56 PM INDEX NO. 650337/2013 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1833 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 08/04/2022 $215 to $550 per hour. BDO’s fees are not contingent upon the opinions I express nor the results of this matter. 17. My work in this matter is ongoing, and I reserve the right to amend, modify, or supplement my analysis and opinions, including if new information becomes available to me which bears on my opinions or conclusions contained herein. III. SUMMARY OPINION 18. The basis of Ocwen and Wells Fargo’s claim is that Nomura failed to notify the other parties to the PSA of its breaches of the Representations.14 As a result of this purported failure to notify, Ocwen and Wells Fargo contend that they suffered damages in the form of earning less than they would have earned had Nomura provided such notice.15 In making this claim, Warren assumed that Nomura, in fact, breached its Representations.16 Nomura’s other experts have concluded that there is no basis for such an assumption and this report does not make such assumption. 19. Even if HSBC establishes that Nomura breached the Representations, Ocwen and Wells Fargo have, nevertheless, failed to demonstrate that they earned less than they otherwise would have. The PSA provides, and Ocwen and Wells Fargo recognize,17 that the sole remedy as against Nomura should it breach the Representations is for Nomura to cure the breach, repurchase the Mortgage Loan, or, in certain limited circumstances, substitute a new mortgage loan for the breaching Mortgage Loan.18 Warren does not offer an expert opinion or cite to any evidence to the effect that, had 14 See Ocwen Counterclaims, ¶¶ 31-38; Wells Fargo Counterclaims, ¶¶ 27-34. 15 See Ocwen Counterclaims, ¶ 37; Wells Fargo Counterclaims, ¶ 33. 16 See Warren Report, ¶¶ 11, 22. 17 See Ocwen Counterclaims, ⁋ 35; Wells Fargo Counterclaims, ⁋ 22. 18 See PSA § 2.03(c) at pp. 91-93. 8 FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 08/04/2022 12:56 PM INDEX NO. 650337/2013 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1833 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 08/04/2022 Nomura provided the requisite notice, it would have done anything other than repurchase the Mortgage Loans in question. And, as more fully demonstrated below, if Nomura had repurchased the Mortgage Loans in the Allegedly Breaching Loan Population or in the Extrapolated Allegedly Breaching Loan Population, Ocwen and Wells Fargo would have earned less money than they in fact earned. 20. Nor does Warren address the fact that the PSA does not guarantee Ocwen and Wells Fargo any set amount of income. Rather, the income to which they were entitled was dependent on a host of factors, including, but not limited to, the number of borrowers who pre-paid their Mortgage Loans, the number of Mortgage Loans that defaulted, the time it took to foreclose on properties, and the time it took to sell “real estate owned” or REO properties. Even if, however, Nomura’s alleged failure to provide notice afforded Ocwen and Wells Fargo with a basis for damages, Warren’s analysis suffers from the following fundamental flaws:  Warren improperly includes Mortgage Loans in his damages calculation that are active;  Warren erroneously includes Mortgage Loans in his damages calculation that were never serviced by Ocwen;  Warren’s use of Snow’s sampling results was improper;  Warren fails to account for all of the servicing and default related fees that Ocwen earned;  Warren failed to account for the actual servicing costs in connection with the servicing of the Mortgage Loans; and  Warren’s use of an 18% discount rate is improper. 9 FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 08/04/2022 12:56 PM INDEX NO. 650337/2013 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1833 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 08/04/2022 IV. BACKGROUND A. The Mortgage Loans In The NHELI 2006-FM2 Trust 21. At inception, the Trust contained 5,714 conventional, one-to-four family fixed and adjustable rate Mortgage Loans secured by first or second liens on residential real properties with an aggregate principal balance at issuance (“Issuance Balance”) of $1,228,042,345.19 The 5,714 Mortgage Loans consisted of two pools with 3,891 fixed and adjustable-rate Group I Mortgage Loans (“Loan Group I”) and 1,823 fixed and adjustable-rate Group II Mortgage Loans (“Loan Group II”).20 22. Equity One, through its subservicer affiliate Popular Mortgage Servicing, Inc. (“Popular” or, together with Equity One and Ocwen, “Servicer”), was the original Servicer of all the Mortgage Loans in the Trust.21 By February 2007, Equity One, through Popular, was servicing 1,994 Mortgage Loans, with Litton Loan Servicing, Inc. (“Litton” or, together with Equity One, Ocwen, and Popular) becoming the Servicer for remaining Mortgage Loans.22 Ocwen subsequently acquired Litton and, effective September 2011, Litton transferred the servicing rights to Ocwen.23 B. The Relevant Provisions Of The PSA 23. PSA § 2.03(c) provides that if a Servicer discovers a breach of the origination-related representations and warranties that materially and adversely affects the interests of 19 See Prospectus Supplement for the NHELI 2006-FM2 Trust, dated October 30, 2006 (the “Prospectus Supplement”) at p. S-2. 20 See Prospectus Supplement at pp. S-12-13. 21 See PSA § 1.01 at p. 66 (Servicer). 22 See Wells Fargo, (as Master Servicer) February 26, 2007 loan-level data file and Wells Fargo (as Master Servicer and Servicer) February 26, 2007 distribution report obtained from https://www.ctslink.com. 23 See, e.g., OCW_FM2_002841895; see Wells Fargo (as Master Servicer) November 25, 2011 loan-level data file reports obtained from https://www.ctslink.com; see also Warren Report, ¶ 10. As of September 2011, Popular was no longer servicing loans in the Trust. 10 FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 08/04/2022 12:56 PM INDEX NO. 650337/2013 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1833 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 08/04/2022 the Certificateholders, that Servicer must provide the parties to the PSA with prompt notice of the breach.24 Nomura then has a certain amount of time during which to cure, repurchase, or, if the breach occurs within the first two years of the Trust, to substitute the Mortgage Loan at issue.25 The PSA further provides that Nomura’s obligation to cure, repurchase, or replace such Mortgage Loan is the sole remedy as against Nomura.26 24. Pursuant to PSA § 3.01, Servicers are retained to provide services in connection with the underlying assets within the Trust. Specifically: [T]he Servicer shall service and administer the Mortgage Loans on behalf of the Trust Fund and in the best interest of and for the benefit of the Certificateholders (as determined by the Servicer in its reasonable judgment) in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and the Mortgage Loans and to the extent consistent with such terms and in accordance with and exercising the same care in performing those practices that the Servicer customarily employs and exercises in servicing and administering mortgage loans for its own account and of the same type as such Mortgage Loans in the jurisdiction where the related Mortgaged Property is located (including, compliance with all applicable federal, state and local laws).27 Consistent with the foregoing, each Servicer “shall seek the timely and complete recovery of principal and interest on the Mortgage Notes related to the Mortgage Loans”28 and, in effect, minimize realized losses passed onto the Certificateholders of the Trust. 25. Unlike investors, who earn returns based on risk assumed, servicers are compensated for providing these services and do not receive a premium for assuming more risk. 24 See PSA § 2.03(c) at pp. 91-93. 25 See PSA § 2.03(c) at p. 91. 26 See PSA § 2.03(c) at p. 93. 27 PSA § 3.01 at p. 100. 28 PSA § 3.01 at p. 100. 11 FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 08/04/2022 12:56 PM INDEX NO. 650337/2013 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1833 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 08/04/2022 26. PSA § 3.10 provides that the Servicers are compensated for servicing and administering the Mortgage Loans within the Trust as follows: As compensation for its activities hereunder, the Servicer shall be entitled to retain or withdraw from the Custodial Account out of each payment of interest on each Mortgage Loan serviced by it included in the Trust Fund an amount equal to the Servicing Fee. In addition, the Servicer shall be entitled to recover any unpaid Servicing Fees payable to it out of Liquidation Proceeds, Insurance Proceeds or condemnation proceeds related to the Mortgage Loans serviced by the Servicer to the extent permitted by Section 3.27.29 27. This monthly Servicing Fee is defined in the PSA as 1/12th of the Servicing Fee Rate which is further defined as 0.50% per annum multiplied by the “Stated Principal Balance” of each Mortgage Loan.30 28. The Servicer is entitled to the Servicing Fee for each month that a Mortgage Loan remains in the Trust until the Mortgage Loan is liquidated, regardless of whether the Mortgage Loan is performing.31 Servicing Fees that are not paid to the Servicers while a Mortgage Loan is in default are reimbursed to the Servicer by the Trust to the extent that such unpaid Servicing Fees are not otherwise recoverable from “Liquidation Proceeds, Insurance Proceeds or other amounts received with respect to any Liquidated Loan….”32 29. Pursuant to PSA § 3.10, Servicers are also entitled to the following additional servicing compensation: Excess Liquidation Proceeds, assumption fees, late payment charges, insufficient funds charges and ancillary income to the extent such fees or charges are received by the related Servicer, all income and gain net of 29 PSA § 3.10 at p. 109. 30 See PSA § 1.01 at pp. 64-65 (Servicing Fee and Servicing Fee Rate); see also PSA § 1.01 at p. 65 (Stated Principal Balance). 31 PSA § 3.10 at p. 109. Once a Mortgage Loan has been charged off, the Servicer is no longer entitled to the Servicing Fee. See PSA § 3.09(a) at p. 107. 32 PSA § 3.27(a)(v) at p. 122; see also PSA § 3.10 at p. 109. 12 FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 08/04/2022 12:56 PM INDEX NO. 650337/2013 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1833 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 08/04/2022 any losses realized from Permitted Investments with respect to funds in or credited to the related Custodial Account shall be retained by the Servicer to the extent not required to be deposited in the Custodial Account 33 pursuant to Section 3.27. 30. PSA §§ 3.27(a)(iii) and (v) also entitle the Servicers to reimbursement of “Servicing Advances” which are defined as: [a]ll customary, reasonable and necessary “out of pocket” costs and expenses (including reasonable legal fees) incurred … in the performance by the Servicer of its servicing obligations hereunder, including, but not limited to, the cost of (i) the preservation, restoration, inspection, valuation and protection of a Mortgaged Property, (ii) any enforcement or judicial proceedings, including foreclosures, … (iii) the management and liquidation of any REO Property (including, without limitation, relator’s commissions), (iv) compliance with any obligations under Section 3.07 hereof to cause insurance to be maintained, (v) payment of taxes, (vi) obtaining broker price opinions and (vii) obtaining any legal documentation required to be included in the Mortgage File and/or correcting any outstanding title issues … reasonably necessary for the Servicer to perform its obligations under this Agreement. Servicing Advances also include any reasonable “out of pocket” cost and expenses (including legal fees) incurred by the Servicer in connection with executing and recording instruments of satisfaction, deeds of reconveyance or Assignments to the extent not recovered from the Mortgagor or otherwise payable under this Agreement.34 31. PSA § 4.01 addresses the administration and master servicing of the Mortgage Loans and specifies the oversight responsibilities of Wells Fargo as Master Servicer as it relates to the Trust. Pursuant to PSA § 4.01: [t]he Master Servicer shall supervise, monitor and oversee the obligation of the Servicer to service and administer the Mortgage Loans in accordance with the terms of the Agreement, as applicable, and shall have full power and authority to do any and all things which itmay deem necessary or desirable in connection with such master servicing and administration. In performing its obligations hereunder, the Master Servicer shall act in a manner consistent with Accepted Master Servicing 33 PSA § 3.10 at pp. 109-110; see also PSA § 3.26(b) at p. 120 (“payments in the nature of late payment charges or assumption fees, if collected, need not be deposited” in the Custodial Account by the Servicer; if, however, they are, the related Servicer may withdraw such payments). 34 PSA § 1.01 at p. 64 (Servicing Advances); see also PSA § 3.09(a) at p. 107; PSA § 3.11(c) at p. 104; PSA §§ 3.27(a)(iii) and (v) at pp. 121-122. The “Nonrecoverable Advances” referenced in PSA § 3.27(a)(iii) are defined in the PSA to include Servicing Advances. See PSA § 1.01 at p. 44 (Nonrecoverable Advances). 13 FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 08/04/2022 12:56 PM INDEX NO. 650337/2013 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1833 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 08/04/2022 Practices. Furthermore, the Master Servicer shall oversee and consult with the Servicer as necessary from time-to-time to carry out the Master Servicer's obligations hereunder, shall receive, review and evaluate all reports, information and other data provided to the Master Servicer by the Servicer and shall enforce each Servicer’s obligation to perform and observe the covenants, obligations and conditions to be performed or observed by the Servicer under this Agreement. The Master Servicer shall independently and separately monitor the Servicer's servicing activities with respect to each Mortgage Loan, reconcile the results of such monitoring with such information provided in the previous sentence on a monthly basis and coordinate corrective adjustments to the Servicer's and Master Servicer's records, and based on such reconciled and corrected information, provide such information relating to the Mortgage Loans to the Securities Administrator as shall be necessary to enable it to prepare the statements specified in Section 5.06 and any other information and statements required to be provided by the Securities Administrator hereunder. The Master Servicer shall reconcile the results of its Mortgage Loan monitoring with the actual remittances of the Servicers to the Distribution Account.35 32. Pursuant to PSA § 4.12, the Master Servicer receives a monthly Master Servicing Fee defined as 1/12th of the Master Servicing Fee Rate which is further defined as 0.0110% per annum multiplied by the State Principal Balance of each Mortgage Loan.36 V. WARREN’S ANALYSIS 33. Assuming the validity of the conclusions and purported findings of HSBC’s other experts in the First-Party Action, including those of Snow, Warren purports to analyze “whether and to what extent Ocwen and Wells Fargo, in their respective roles as Servicer and Master Servicer, suffered losses” based on the assumption that the Mortgage Loans in the Allegedly Breaching Loan Population underperformed.37 35 PSA § 4.01 at p. 130; see also PSA § 4.02 at p. 131 (“The Master Servicer shall be responsible for monitoring the compliance by the Servicer with its duties under this Agreement.”). 36 See PSA § 1.01 at p. 38 (Master Servicing Compensation, Master Servicing Fee and Master Servicing Fee Rate); PSA § 1.01 at pp. 62-63 (Stated Principal Balance); PSA § 4.12 at p. 136. 37 Warren Report, ¶ 11; see also Warren Report, ¶¶ 22-25, 32, 36. 14 FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 08/04/2022 12:56 PM INDEX NO. 650337/2013 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 1833 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 08/04/2022 34. Snow selected samples from four subpopulations of the Mortgage Loans in the Trust. Specifically, after setting aside the Loan Group I and II Mortgage Loans that had paid in full by January 31, 2016, Snow divided the remaining Mortgage Loans in each Loan Group by those Mortgage Loans in the Trust that he contends “were charged off in full for accounting purposes with a loss of greater than or equal to $100 and that had not been repurchased as of January 31, 2016” (the “Loan Group I Liquidated Loans” and the “Loan Group II Liquidated Loans”), and the Mortgage Loans in the Trust that he contends “were neither charged off, nor paid in full, nor repurchased by Nomura as of January 31, 2016” (the “Loan Group I Active Loans” and the “Loan Group II Active Loans”).38 35. Snow then claims that he drew a random combined sample from each of the foregoing four subgroups of 1,100 Mortgage Loans (the “1,100 Primary Sample Loans”) broken down as follows: (i) 325 Loan Group I Liquidated Loans; (ii) 300 Loan Group II Liquidated Loans; (iii) 275 Loan Group I Active Loans; and (iv) 200 Loan Group II Active Loans.39 36. Snow also drew a corresponding back-up sample of 150 Mortgage Loans from each of the four subgroups in the 1,100 Primary Sample Loans “to be used to replace any Mortgage Loans in the corresponding Primary Samples that … Hunter determined could not be properly underwritten.”40 Snow stated, however, that “Hunter never 38 See Second Amended Expert Report of Karl N. Snow, Ph.D., dated December 26, 2018 (the “Second Amended Snow Report”), ¶ 13. 39 See Second Amended Snow Report, ¶ 54. 40 Second Amended Snow Report, ¶ 55.